Influence of Fumonisin B1, Present in Fusarium moniliforme Culture Material, and T-2 Toxin on Turkey Poults

Abstract

Diets containing 300 mg fumonisin B1 (FB1)/kg of feed and 5 mg T-2 toxin/kg of feed singly or in combination were fed to female turkey poults (Nicholas Large White) from day of hatch to 21 d of age. When compared with controls, 21-d body weight gains were reduced 21% by FB1, 26% by T-2, and 47% by the combination. the efficiency of feed utilization was adversely affected by FB1 and the combination of FB1 and T-2. Relative weights (grams/100 g BW) of the liver and gizzard were increased in poults fed the FB1 and the combination diets; whereas, the relative weight of the pancreas was increased in all treated groups. All poults were scored for oral lesions using a scale of 1 to 4 (1 = no visible lesions, 4 = severe lesions). Oral lesions were present in all poults fed the T-2 diet (average score of 3.29) or the combination diet (average score of 3.54). Serum concentration of cholesterol was decreased and lactate dehydrogenase activity was increased in poults fed the FB1 and combination diets. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase and the values for red blood cells, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were increased only in poults fed the combination diet. Inorganic phosphorus concentration was decreased only in poults fed the combination diet. The increased toxicity in poults fed the combination diet for most variables can best be described as additive, although some variables not altered by FB1 or T-2 singly were significantly affected by the combination, indicating that the combination may pose a potentially greater problem to the turkey industry than either of the mycotoxins individually.

Levels of mycotoxins and sample cytotoxicity of selected organic and conventional grain‐based products purchased from Finnish and Italian markets

“…However, the toxicity of this sample may be attributable to factors (e. g., toxic by-products of Maillard reaction formed during roasting) other than mycotoxins. There are a few studies on the toxicity of mycotoxin mixtures [26,27] focusing only on the effects of binary mixtures. Tajima et al [28] reported a statistically designed experiment to screen the interactions of five Fusarium mycotoxins.…”

Individual and combined effects of feed artificially contaminated with with fumonisin B1 and T-2 toxin in weaned rabbits

“…Individual and combined effects of FB 1 and T-2 were investigated in turkeys and broiler chicks and it was shown in both experiments that the consumption of both toxins had an additive effect on the body weight gain depression (Kubena et al, 1995(Kubena et al, , 1997. Another study carried out by Szabó et al (2014), investigating red blood cell Na + / K + ATPase activity in weaned rabbits, found antagonism between the two toxins.…”

Mycotoxins in feeds and their fate in animals: a review

“…A combination of ZEN and fusaric acid increases the concentration in rat milk of each of these compounds by a factor of two to five [65]. An interaction between FB1 and DON increases the amount of blood protein whereas an interaction between FB1 and T-2 toxin leads to an increase in plasma calcium concentration in the chicken [36] or to an increase in haemoglobin and haematocrit concentration in turkeys [35]. Even though body weight is reduced by 18 to 20% in chickens receiving a feed contaminated with 300 mg FB1 per kg feed for 20 days after birth, body weight is reduced by 18% when 5 mg T-2 is added per kg of feed, by 2% when 15 mg DON is added per kg, by 32% when both FB1 and T-2 are added, and by 19% when both FB1 and DON are added [36].…”