Influence of fullerene (C60) on soil bacterial communities: aqueous aggregate size and solvent co-introduction effects

Abstract

Fullerene C60 nanoparticles are being used in broad range of applications. It is important to assess their potential impacts in the environment. We evaluated the effects of C60 introduced as aqueous suspensions of nC60 aggregates of different particle size or via organic solvents on soils with different organic matter contents in this study. Impacts of the application were evaluated by measuring total microbial biomass, metabolic activity and bacterial community structure. Results show that nC60 aggregates, introduced as an aqueous suspension, had size-dependent effects on soil bacterial community composition in the low organic matter system, but induced minimal change in the microbial biomass and metabolic activity in soils with both high and low organic matter contents. Fullerene C60, co-introduced via an organic solvent, did not influence the response of soil microbes to the organic solvents. Our results suggest that nC60 aggregates of smaller size may have negative impact on soil biota and soil organic matter may play a key role in modulating the environmental effect of nanomaterials.

An Androsterone‐H2@C60hybrid: Synthesis, Properties and Molecular Docking Simulations with SARS‐Cov‐2

“…The logP ow obtained through theoretical calculations showed that both compounds have high lipophilicity, but a lower value for 3 (11.96) in comparison with H 2 @C 60 (17.75) indicative of a lower hydrophobicity, which is consistent with the presence of the malonate‐steroid moiety. These values might indicate that this kind of molecules would have the tendency to form aggregates in aqueous media, similar to the behavior reported for C 60 and their derivatives [53–55] …”

“…These values might indicate that this kind of molecules would have the tendency to form aggregates in aqueous media, similar to the behavior reported for C 60 and their derivatives. [53][54][55] On the other hand, although H 2 @C 60 -steroid conjugation produced a weak charge separation as observed in Figure 3a, for compound 3 a calculated dipole moment of 5.45 D was predicted.…”

Viability and phenotypic heterogeneity of Rhodococcus Rhodochrous CNMN-AC-05 in the presence of fullerene C60

“…Wide applications use of nanotechnologies in various fields, including the field of remediation and reduction of environmental contamination, the safety of nanomaterials has become a current issue. Regarding the action of fullerene C60 on living cells, scientists observed some effects: on the one hand, the antioxidant action of fullerene was shown (5,6,7), on the other hand the antimicrobial activity was demonstrated (6,(8)(9)(10)(11). For example, a nano-composite containing fullerene was effective in degrading pesticides Imidacloprid, Isoproturon and Malathion, but at the same time, it was used for inactivating Pseudomonas aureus, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli bacteria (2).…”

“…Numerous studies of fullerene C60 have revealed that its biological activity is rather complex and multilateral, due to several factors, such as tropism for cell membranes, due to its lipophilicity, interaction with free radicals, and fullerene's ability to transfer energy to the oxygen molecule and convert it to single oxygen (7,12,13). It has been shown that the toxicity of fullerene C60 is determined by a number of factors, such as particle size, organic matter and ionic strength of the medium, fullerene C60 concentration and time of exposure, bacterial growth conditions, the age of C60 used, and the bacterial species tested (5,8,14).…”

Inactivation of pure bacterial biofilms by impaction of aerosolized consumer products containing nanoparticulate metals

“…So far, most nanotoxicity research in the ecological fields has focused on investigating the effects of pristine nanoparticles on common soil, aquatic and wastewater treatment system microorganisms 10, 12 . Research suggests that nanoparticle and nanomaterial concentrations that have been detected in different water and soil systems (e.g., 0.01 to 1 mg-Ag/L in water and 5 to 50 mg-C 60 fullerenes/kg in dry soil) may elicit changes in typical microbial community profiles 13–21 . Effects of nanoparticles on microbes in the airborne state have also been investigated; Yoon , et al (2008) found up to 76% inactivation of airborne Bacillus subtilis when it was mixed with aerosolized, pure water-based colloidal nanosilver in a test chamber for 15 seconds and then sampled onto nutrient agar plates with an impactor 22, 23 .…”