Influence of fuel-oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles

Verma, Puneet; Pickering, Edmund; Jafari, Mohammad; Guo, Yi; Stevanović, Svetlana; Fernando, Joseph F. S.; Golberg, Dmitri; Brooks, Peter; Brown, Richard J.; Ristovski, Zoran

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.04.009

Cited by 70 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Similar findings were reported by Savic et al [16], who determined that the aggregates have a slight tendency towards having a smaller size and more compact morphology when increasing the biodiesel content in blended fuel. This phenomenon can be explained by focusing on the oxygen content of biodiesel, which promotes soot oxidation and facilitates the generation of small particles with shorter chains [15]. In addition, the exhaust particles from biodiesel fuel generally contain more VOCs than those obtained from diesel fuel [31][32][33].…”

Section: Fractal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A considerable number of studies have been performed to explore the impact of the use of BF on the physical properties of soot particles in the diesel engine exhaust stream. It has been reported that the soot aggregates resulting from BF combustion possess more compact morphology and smaller primary particles as compared to those from DF [15,16]. However, analyses of soot nanostructure have produced seemingly contradictory results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine

et al. 2020

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The present study investigated the effects of adding 20 vol.% biodiesel to petroleum diesel (to produce a mixture termed B20) on the physical properties and reactivity of the resulting exhaust soot particles. Tests were performed at different engine loads of a constant speed, and the soot particles from the combustion of B20 and petroleum diesel fuel (DF) were collected from the engine exhaust stream. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were employed for the analysis of soot morphology and nanostructure. The thermogravimetric analysis was used to determine the oxidative reactivity of the soot. For both the DF and B20 soot, increased engine loads result in soot aggregates with more compact morphology and primary soot particles with larger size and more organized structure. Compared to the DF soot, the B20 aggregates have a slightly more compact morphology and smaller primary particle size. No appreciable differences are observed in nanostructure between the DF and B20 soot. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrates that the B20 soot is associated with lower peak temperature, burnout temperature and apparent activation energy, suggesting that it is more reactive than the DF soot.

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Section: Fractal Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine

et al. 2020

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“…It has been reported in the literature that the fringe separation distance decreases with an increase in engine load i.e. an increase in engine temperature [11].…”

Section: Nanostructural Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, it has been observed that particles generated from biodiesel-diesel blends/ pure biodiesel are more reactive than pure diesel [10]. Verma et al [11] has extensively studied the influence of oxygenated fuels on soot particles characterisation parameters. However, there is limited research available on the structural characterisation of diesel soot particles for cold-start and hot-start operation of a diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural characterisation of soot particles for cold-start and hot-start operation of a diesel engine

Arora¹,

Lodi²,

Verma³

et al. 2020

Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conference (AFMC)

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The current study investigates the morphology and nanostructure of soot particles during cold and hot-start operation of a custom designed drive cycle for a heavy-duty diesel engine. The drive cycle consists of eight repeated sets of 120 seconds each, with abrupt change in the load at 30 second intervals at a constant engine speed (1500 and 2000 rpm). After each segment there is an engine stop period of 60 seconds. Soot samples were collected on TEM grids for the first three consecutive sets (cold-start) and the last three consecutive sets (hot-start). The soot samples were analysed using transmission electron microscope. An in-house automated image processing methodology was used for the quantification of a range of characterisation parameters. The results show that the primary particle size during cold-start is smaller in comparison with hotstart operation. High fractal dimension of soot aggregate for cold-start operation would mean more compact structure of soot particles. Shorter fringes with a higher fringe separation distance for cold-start would mean lower graphitisation of soot particles.

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“…A similar investigation on CI engine showed that diesel, biodiesel and triacetin fuel blends showed that the soot aggregates emitted during the combustion of biodiesel, triacetin blended fuels have more compact size resulting in improved filtration efficiency of particulate filters. 25 The study conducted by Zare et al 26 on six-cylinder turbocharged CI engine showed that using WCO biodiesel and triacetin as fuel additives results in upto 2.5%, 82%, 64% and 90% reduction in CO 2 , CO, HC, PM and PN both respectively. Similarly, the outcomes collected from several other investigations also proved triacetin a promising supplement for diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of spark-ignition engine characteristics fuelled with oxygenated bio-additive (triacetin) using response surface methodology

Tomar

Dewal

Sonthalia

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, has gained wide interest in recent years. However, despite the countless benefits, the enormous generation of glycerol-waste and higher production costs have been causing severe challenges to both the environment and the biodiesel economy’s survival. With the focus on maintaining its sustainability, the proper valorization of the crude glycerol is of vital importance. The objective of the present study is to harness and transform glycerol (a by-product of biodiesel) to triacetin and utilize it further as a fuel additive for spark ignition (SI) engine. Triacetin is a valuable compound of bio-based origin, having good anti-knock properties and higher oxygen content. Test fuels containing different blends of gasoline, methanol and triacetin were prepared and compared with neat gasoline. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based multi-objective technique was selected to optimize the engine output parameters like BTE, CO, CO2, HC and NOx emissions. The results indicate that the engine operating at 1.17 kW brake power and containing 90.73% gasoline, 4.94% methanol and 4.31% triacetin (by vol.) were found to be the optimum input parameter combinations which shows maximum BTE and lowest engine exhaust emissions as compared to other fuel blends. The estimated economic analysis of small-scale plants was also carried out, revealing that about 4.2% of revenue per kg of triacetin selling can be generated by running biodiesel and triacetin production analogously. Among various alternatives probed, the acetylation of glycerol to triacetin appears to be the ideal solution. It can serve the multiple purposes of reducing vehicular emission and improving the economic viability of burgeoning biodiesel industries and creating new opportunities, livelihoods, and jobs for humanity.

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Influence of fuel-oxygen content on morphology and nanostructure of soot particles

Cited by 70 publications

References 102 publications

Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine

Effects of Biodiesel Addition on the Physical Properties and Reactivity of the Exhaust Soot Particles from Diesel Engine

Structural characterisation of soot particles for cold-start and hot-start operation of a diesel engine

Optimization of spark-ignition engine characteristics fuelled with oxygenated bio-additive (triacetin) using response surface methodology

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