Influence of Four Herbicides on Carpogenic Germination and Apothecium Development of<i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i>

Casale, W. L.

doi:10.1094/phyto-76-980

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

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“…de Bary and closely related species occur worldwide, cause considerable damage, typically have been unpredictable and difficult to control culturally or chemically (Lumsden 1979). Apothecia formation is critical stage in the life cycle of S. sclerotiorum because of importance of ascospore inoculum in the initial infection on host plants (Casale and Hart 1986). Carpogenic germination and the number of stipes produced per sclerotium were affected by several external influences such as fungicides (Hawthorne and Jarvis 1973), herbicides (Huang and Blackshaw 1995), calcium cyanide (Wu 1991), S-H mixture (Huang and Sun 1991) and volatile substances from urea (Huang and Janzen 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic enhancement of Trichoderma viride to overproduce different hydrolytic enzymes and their biocontrol potentiality against root rot and white mold diseases in bean plants

Hassan¹,

Wafaa²,

Attallah³

2010

ABJNA

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A major part of Trichoderma antifungal system consists of a number of genes encoding for an astonishing variety of secreted lytic enzymes including; e.g. chitinase, cellulases and β-1,3-glucanases. The present work aimed to apply the mutagenesis technique in genetically breeding program of the bioagent Trichoderma viride to enhance three effective hydrolytic enzymes in their biocontrol abilities against two of the important plant fungal pathogens; Sclerotia rolfesii and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum the causal fungi of rot-root and white-rot diseases, respectively. Subjecting the spores of the wild type (T. viride) to the first UV-exposure time induced highly decrease in survival reached to 99.85%. Also, subjecting the spores of the two selected mutants (TvM1-UV1 and TvM9-UV1) to the second UV-exposure time induced highly decrease in their survival reached to 99.81 and 99.52%, respectively. The first and the second UV-treatments induced mutants with high growth and better sporulation measurements as well as superiority in biological control activities against some rot pathogens formed sclerotia than their parental wild type, Trichoderma viride. Four UV-induced mutants (TvM1-UV1, TvM9-UV1, TvM1-UV2 and TvM9-UV2) that obtained after UV-exposure of the parental wild type, Trichoderma viride were in vitro assessed for their biological control activities (Dual culture, filtrate inhibition, inhibition of sclerotia viability and inhibition of Polygalacuronase (PG) and Pectin methyl esterase (PME) activities against both pathogens. Through in vitro inhibitory activity by culture filtrates of the selected mutants (TvM1-UV1, TvM9-UV1, TvM1-UV2 and TvM9-UV2) and their parental wild type, T. viride, the growth rates, sclerotia viability as well as PG and PME activities were decreased the pathogens compared with the wild type. The filtrate inhibition activities of the selected mutants were considerably increased than that of their parental wild type. The pathogen S. sclerotiorum was more senstive to the inhibition effects of the culture filtrates of the tested T. viride mutants than the other pathogen S. rolfsii. Spectrophotometer was used to assay the hydrolytic enzymes; chitinase, β-1,3-glacturoranase and cellulases activities from the selected mutants (TvM1-UV1, TvM9-UV1, TvM1-UV2 and TvM9-UV2) and their parental wild type, T. viride. The selected mutants showed higher hydrolytic enzyme activities than their parental wild type. The greatest enzyme production by the tested T. viride mutants was cellulases followed by β-1,3-glucanase then chitinase. Total protein extraction and banding patterns SDS-polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis of mutants showed fold increased in bands numbers compared with wild type. In biological control experiments against rot-root and white-rot diseases caused by S. rolfesii and S. sclerotiorum, respectively in bean plants under artificial and natural infested soil, complete control of the disease was achieved, in which even the higher producer-hydrolytic enzymes of T. viride mutants treatment fa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic enhancement of Trichoderma viride to overproduce different hydrolytic enzymes and their biocontrol potentiality against root rot and white mold diseases in bean plants

Hassan¹,

Wafaa²,

Attallah³

2010

ABJNA

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“…[2][3][4] In addition, some herbicides such as atrazine can negatively influence development of apothecia (an important reproductive structure) in the white mold pathogen, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. 9 Examples of how glyphosate may also impact disease by acting as a fungicide as well as increasing inoculum potential in some systems will be discussed later in this review. Finally, by removing weeds from cropping systems, herbicides may alter the Figure 1.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

How glyphosate affects plant disease development: it is more than enhanced susceptibility

Hammerschmidt

2017

Pest Management Science

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Glyphosate has been shown to affect the development of plant disease in several ways. Plants utilize phenolic and other shikimic acid pathway-derived compounds as part of their defense against pathogens, and glyphosate inhibits the biosynthesis of these compounds via its mode of action. Several studies have shown a correlation between enhanced disease and suppression of phenolic compound production after glyphosate. Glyphosate-resistant crop plants have also been studied for changes in resistance as a result of carrying the glyphosate resistance trait. The evidence indicates that neither the resistance trait nor application of glyphosate to glyphosate-resistant plants increases susceptibility to disease. The only exceptions to this are cases where glyphosate has been shown to reduce rust diseases on glyphosate-resistant crops, supporting a fungicidal role for this chemical. Finally, glyphosate treatment of weeds or volunteer crops can cause a temporary increase in soil-borne pathogens that may result in disease development if crops are planted too soon after glyphosate application. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

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“…Similarly, Humicolafuscoatra was totally inhibited by paraquat at 1.2 X lo5 pg/mL (Tan and Chua 1986). Mycelial growth of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum on agar was inhibited by metribuzin (triazine derivative) and diuron at 50 pgImL, while atrazine (triazine derivative) was less inhibitory even at 10 mglg soil (Casale and Hart 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of the triazine herbicides Goltix and Igran on germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Verticillium agaricinum

Elwy¹,

Osman²,

Rahman³

et al. 1989

Can. J. Bot.

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The effect of two triazines on spore germination, radial growth, and biomass production were studied in A. fumigatus, F. oxysporum, H. oryzae, and V. agaricinum. Igran inhibited spore germination of all species to some extent and at 1000 ppm completely inhibited spore germination in A. fumigatus and F. oxysporum. Goltix inhibited germination of F. oxysporum and H. oryzae, but stimulated germination of A. fumigatus and V. agaricinum. Germ tube length was significantly decreased at high herbicide concentrations. Both derivatives reduced radial growth rate as well as mycelial growth in liquid cultures. The level of inhibition depends on the herbicide, its concentration, and the fungal species.

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Influence of Four Herbicides on Carpogenic Germination and Apothecium Development ofSclerotinia sclerotiorum

Cited by 30 publications

References 0 publications

Genetic enhancement of Trichoderma viride to overproduce different hydrolytic enzymes and their biocontrol potentiality against root rot and white mold diseases in bean plants

Genetic enhancement of Trichoderma viride to overproduce different hydrolytic enzymes and their biocontrol potentiality against root rot and white mold diseases in bean plants

How glyphosate affects plant disease development: it is more than enhanced susceptibility

Effect of the triazine herbicides Goltix and Igran on germination and growth of Aspergillus fumigatus, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, and Verticillium agaricinum

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