Influence of forward leaning and incentive spirometry on inspired volumes and inspiratory electromyographic activity during breathing exercises in healthy subjects

Effect of Head Posture and Breathing Pattern on Muscle Activities of Sternocleidomastoid and Scalene during Inspiratory Respiration

“…전방머리자세(forward head posture: [FHP])는 신체 무 게중심을 관통하는 수평면에 가상의 수직선에 대해 머리 가 전방에 위치한 상태를 의미한다 (Yip, Chiu, & Poon, 2008). 전방머리자세는 목과 어깨관절의 통증, 턱관절장애 (temporomandibular disorder) 그리고 경부성 두통(cervicogenic headache)과 관련이 있다 (Kebaetse, McClure, & Pratt, 1999;Lee, Okeson, & Lindroth, 1995;Silva, Punt, Sharples, Vilas-Boas, & Johnson, 2009;Watson & Trott, 1993 (Page, Frank, & Lardner, 2009 (Falla, Jull, & Hodges, 2004;Jull, Kristjansson, & Dall'Alba, 2004;O'Leary, Falla, Jull, & Vicenzino, 2007 (Costa, Vitti, de Oliveira Tosello, & Costa, 1994;de Mayo et al, 2005;Tomich et al, 2007;Ribeiro, Marchiori, & Silva, 2002;Santos et al, 2012 (Yokoba, et al, 2003, Hudson et al, 2007…”

Incentive spirometer: Aspects of the clinical practice of physical therapists from Minas Gerais working with patients with respiratory dysfunction

“…Previous studies indicate that volume-oriented IS promotes a greater increase of the inspiratory time [8][9][10][11][12] and a greater decrease of the respiratory rate compared to floworiented IS. 8,9 In addition, electromyographic findings show that flow-oriented IS recruits more accessory musculature during inspiration, 9,22 Therefore, although both types of IS are indicated for pulmonary reexpansion, the physiological effects of the volume-oriented IS on ventilation are more consistent with the aims of this device. Recently, Eltorai et al 23 showed the discrepancy between health care professionals' beliefs and the evidence data supporting IS use.…”

“…Different instructions for the target volume in volumeoriented IS are found in the literature, such as maximal inspirations; 8,9,22 slow deep inspirations; 24 deep inspirations sustained for 5 to 10 seconds; 14,25 slow deep inspirations sustained for 3 seconds; 6,26 or for 5 seconds. 11,12,27 In the present study, we observed that most of the physical therapists use the calculation of the ideal weight multiplied by 5-8 mL/kg as a volume prescription for the volume-oriented IS.…”

Acute effects of breathing exercises on diaphragmatic mobility and respiratory muscles activity in healthy adults

“…The effects of three breathing exercises were compared: 1) deep breathing, 2) flow-oriented spirometry and 3) volumeoriented spirometry in healthy adults on the electrical activity of the diaphragm, external intercostal, sternocleidomastoid and scalene muscles in two different positions (sitting and forward leaning at 45º). The results showed lower electrical activity in the sternocleidomastoid and external intercostals for forward leaning at 45° and, when compared to the exercises, electrical activity in all four muscle groups was lower during volume-oriented spirometry 6 .…”