Influence of forest growth on former heathland on nutrient input and its consequences for nutrition and management of heath and forest

Rode, Michael

doi:10.1016/s0378-1127(98)00488-5

Cited by 30 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…In contrast, Ca and K in wet deposition were highly enriched (Table 3). The source of these cations may be a result of leaching from the vegetation as reported by Bobbink and Heil (1993), Matzner and Ulrich (1980) and Rode (1999).…”

Section: Mobilization or Retention Of Elementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Soil Solution Chemistry and Element Fluxes in Three European Heathlands and Their Responses to Warming and Drought

et al. 2004

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Soil water chemistry and element budgets were studied at three northwestern European Calluna vulgaris heathland sites in Denmark (DK), The Netherlands (NL), and Wales (UK). Responses to experimental nighttime warming and early summer drought were followed during a two-year period. Soil solution chemistry measured below the organic soil layer and below the rooting zone and water fluxes estimated with hydrological models were combined to calculate element budgets. Remarkably high N leaching was observed at the NL heath with 18 and 6.4 kg N ha Ϫ1 year Ϫ1 of NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N leached from the control plots, respectively, indicating that this site is nitrogen saturated. Increased soil temperature of ϩ0.5°C in the heated plots almost doubled the concentrations and losses of NO 3 -N and DON at this site. Temperature also increased mobilization of N in the O horizon at the UK and DK heaths in the first year, but, because of high retention of N in the vegetation or mineral soil, there were no significant effects of warming on seepage water NO 3 -N and NH 4 -N. Retention of P was high at all three sites. In several cases, drought increased concentrations of elements momentarily, but element fluxes decreased because of a lower flux of water. Seepage water DOC and DON was highly significantly correlated at the UK site where losses of N were low, whereas losses of C and N were uncoupled at the NL site where atmospheric N input was greatest. Based on N budgets, calculations of the net change in the C sink or source strength in response to warming suggest no change or an increase in the C sink strength during these early years.

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Section: Mobilization or Retention Of Elementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The input numbers represent wet deposition and the actual numbers of input may be slightly higher when considering dry deposition (Rode 1999).…”

Section: Input By Rainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Solution Chemistry and Element Fluxes in Three European Heathlands and Their Responses to Warming and Drought

et al. 2004

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“…Woodland encroachment that follows the loss of traditional management practices has been documented extensively for Atlantic heathlands of western and central Europe (Hester et al 1991, Mitchell et al 1997, Rode 1999, Manning et al 2004, Goldammer et al 2007). In southern Europe, few studies have addressed this issue (Bartolomé et al 2005, Borghesio 2009), despite a range of concerns regarding tree encroachment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree encroachment dynamics in heathlands of north-west Italy: the fire regime hypothesis

Ascoli¹,

Bovio²

2010

iForest

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Tree encroachment is one of the primary conservation issues in Calluna-heathlands, a priority habitat in Europe. Improving understanding of the ecological factors that trigger transitions to woodlands is key to developing strategies for heathlands management. The irrational use of fire has been recognized as one of the key factors that drives the loss of heathlands of north-west Italy. The effect of high frequency pastoral burning on the replacement of heathlands by grasslands has been documented by several studies. The relationship between fire and tree encroachment is less clear. The paper examines the effect of the fire regime on the encroachment of Populus tremula L. and Betula pendula Roth. in the heathland. The study was carried out at the Managed Nature Reserve of Vauda (7° 41’ E, 45° 13’ N), which includes one of the most valuable heathlands of north-western Italy. The experimental design consisted of analysing the age structure, dendrometric variables and the species composition of three aspen and birch stands, circular-shaped and isolated within the heathland matrix. From 1986 to 2009 all stands experienced the same fire regime due to pastoral burning. Wildfires of similar behaviour occurred in 1998, 2003 and 2008 and determined the stand structure observed in 2009. The results evidenced that fire acts as a catalyst not only for seedlings establishment, as previously documented, but also for woodland expansion in the heathland. After initial establishment, stands showed a concentric encroachment dynamic, mainly due to aspen root suckering after post-fire stem mortality, whose steps of expansion coincided with the return interval of wildfires. Moreover, aspen determined the loss of heathland characteristic species, whose relative abundances were inversely correlated to aspen density along a gradient from the stands centre to the surrounding heathland. The regulation of current burning practices by prescribed burning, integrated with rational grazing, presents the next research questions to be addressed

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“…Published accounts show that at the end of the XVIIIth century the most widespread vegetation in the north of Germany, Denmark, England, Scotland, Ireland, most of Holland, the north of Belgium, France, Spain, the south of Sweden and western Norway was an anthropo-zoogenic Calluna heathland (Gimingham and De Smidt, 1983;Rode, 1999). Heathland is one of the principal cultural landscapes of the Atlantic regions of western Europe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As time passed and agrarian policy changed, these farming areas were abandoned in the 1970s and this started a secondary succession process towards heath communities (Calvo, 1993;Calvo et al, 1998). All these traditional management activities are in decline so heaths have recently begun to be considered marginal lands and some of these upland heathlands have been turned into forest plantations, as has occurred in some west and central European areas (Rode, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regeneration patterns in a Calluna vulgaris heathland in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Spain): effects of burning, cutting and ploughing

2002

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Regeneration after experimental disturbances (burning, cutting and ploughing) was studied in a heathland dominated by Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull located in NW Spain. Regeneration of C. vulgaris was better after burning and ploughing than after cutting. When cut, this species was replaced by another resprouting ericaceous species, Erica tetralix L. Calluna seedlings suffered high mortality in the third and fourth years after all treatments. Herbaceous species, which dominated during the first year of the secondary succession, were gradually replaced by woody species characteristic of that area from the sixth and seventh years after cutting and burning, and during the tenth year after ploughing. Multivariate analysis showed a clear separation between the different treatments, reflecting different responses in the community to different disturbances and partly reflecting the vegetation status before disturbance.

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Influence of forest growth on former heathland on nutrient input and its consequences for nutrition and management of heath and forest

Cited by 30 publications

References 15 publications

Soil Solution Chemistry and Element Fluxes in Three European Heathlands and Their Responses to Warming and Drought

Soil Solution Chemistry and Element Fluxes in Three European Heathlands and Their Responses to Warming and Drought

Tree encroachment dynamics in heathlands of north-west Italy: the fire regime hypothesis

Regeneration patterns in a Calluna vulgaris heathland in the Cantabrian mountains (NW Spain): effects of burning, cutting and ploughing

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