Influence of Firing Temperature on the Physical, Thermal and Microstructural Properties of Kankara Kaolin Clay: A Preliminary Investigation

Abubakar, Muazu; Muthuraja, A.; Rajak, Dipen Kumar; Ahmad, Norhayati; Pruncu, Catalin I.; Lamberti, Luciano; Kumar, Ashwini

doi:10.3390/ma13081872

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…For the kaolin waste (KW), well-defined and high-crystallinity peaks are observed and are attributed to triclinic kaolinite (KAl 2 Si 3 AlO 10 (OH) 2 ) and hexagonal quartz (SiO 2 ), both identified by PDF 01-078-2110 and PDF 00-046-1045, respectively. Similar results have been reported in the literature [42], indicating the presence of kaolinite and quartz in kaolin waste. The heat treatment at 1200 • C effect on the kaolin waste promoted the nucleation of new crystalline phases, an effect verified in the literature [43].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kaolin waste annealing on the structural and thermal behavior of poly(ε−caprolactone)

Filho

Luna

Silva

et al. 2022

Momento

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The heat treatment effect on kaolin waste from mining was evaluated on the structural and thermal behavior of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). The PCL/KW (kaolin waste) and PCL/HTKW (heat-treated kaolin waste) composites were processed in an internal mixer and subsequently characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The kaolin waste showed kaolinite and quartz in its composition, while the heat treatment at 1200°C modified it to mullite, quartz and silica-rich amorphous phase. By XRD, there was an increase in the intensity of the peak 2θ = 23.9° of the PCL/KW composites compared to neat PCL. In contrast, PCL/HTKW composites tended to reduce the intensity of the peak 2θ = 23.9°, especially at 5% HTKW. The crystalline melting temperature and the degree of crystallinity of PCL/KW and PCL/HTKW composites were practically unchanged, compared to PCL. However, the crystallization process was more effective with the kaolin waste (KW) without heat treatment, indicating that the HTKW amorphous phase inhibited crystallization. The PCL/KW development promoted an increase in crystallization temperature, relative crystallinity, and crystallization rate, surpassing PCL and the PCL/HTKW system. In view of this, kaolin waste has the potential to accelerate the PCL crystallization process, contributing to add value to a material that would otherwise be discarded and minimizing environmental impacts.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 92%

Effect of kaolin waste annealing on the structural and thermal behavior of poly(ε−caprolactone)

Filho

Luna

Silva

et al. 2022

Momento

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“…An increase in final firing temperature leads to a decrease in the porosity of the flat ceramic bodies down to a value of 14.96 ± 0.62 %. A similar trend was reported in the literature for kaolin based ceramic specimens [1], [63], [88]- [90], [64], [76], [79], [81], [84]- [87] and other types of clay-based ceramic specimens [74], [78], [91], [92]. Finally, the porosity of a flat ceramic specimen is directly related to water absorption, both properties show a similar trend in the firing temperature range 700-1100 o C. The chemical stability was estimated in terms of weight loss after immersing the flat ceramic specimen in acid and alkali solution.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Membranessupporting

confidence: 88%

“…8 (a-g) show the surface of flat ceramic membrane sintered at different temperatures and give information on the surface morphology of the membrane as a function of the temperature treatment (500, 600, 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1110 o C). SEM micrographs indicate that the effect of sintering temperature on the microstructure of the kaolin based ceramic membrane is remarkable; a progressive reduction of porosity or a typical sequence of enhancing densification can be observed when the sintering temperature increases from 500 to 1100 o C [76], [79], [84], [89], [95]. The flat ceramic membrane sintered at 1100 o C with a porosity of 14.96 ± 0.62 %, consisted of non-uniform grain size and strongly interconnected (the particles agglomerate together creating more dense structure), and formation of large pores (larger diameter) (Fig.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Zewdie

Prihatiningtyas

Dutta

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Kaolin (china clay) is a rock material that is very rich in kaolinite. A kaolin ore from Debre Tabor, Ethiopia containing 59.2 wt.% SiO2, 24.9 wt.% Al2O3, 2.4 wt.% Fe2O3, and 8.22 wt.% loss on ignition (LOI) was physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated for possible industrial use, especially for ceramic membrane fabrication. The leaching experiments were carried out using oxalic acid solutions as leaching reagents for the iron extraction process. The effect of acid concentration, reaction temperature, and contact time on iron leaching was investigated. It was determined that the rate of iron extraction increased with the oxalic acid concentration, leaching temperature, and contact time. A substantial reduction of iron oxide (2.4 to 0.36 wt. %) from the raw kaolin was observed at operating conditions of 2.0 M oxalic acid, the temperature of 120°C, and contact time of 120 min. A maximum kaolin whiteness index of 81.4 % was achieved through this leaching process. Finally, the physically beneficiated, chemically leached, and thermally treated kaolin raw material was used to fabricate a low-cost kaolin-based ceramic membrane. After firing at 1100°C the ceramic membrane was found to have a mass loss of 11.04 ± 0.05%, water absorption of 8.9 ± 0.4 %, linear shrinkage of 14.5 ± 0.05%. It was demonstrated to be chemically stable, having less than 3 % mass loss in acid solution, and less than 1 % mass loss in alkali solution. The newly developed membranes have thus properties comparable to commercial ceramic membranes.

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“…Then, at around 900 • C, alumina-rich spinel (MgAl 2 O 4 ) starts to form from this metakaolinite and at 1000-1100 • C it crystallizes into mullite (3Al 2 O 3 •2SiO 2 ). Mullite exists in needles or rod-like crystals, reinforcing and strengthening the fired piece [9,46,47]. The presence of mullite is interesting in this context because, in general, when small amounts of carbonates are present (<10%) in high-calcareous clays, the mullite formation is inhibited and Ca-silicates are formed.…”

Section: Mineralogymentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

2021

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Ancient ceramics recovered after a long burial period have probably undergone several alterations and contaminations, introducing a chemical variability, affecting the ceramic’s natural variability. That is, the chemical and the mineralogical compositions of the ceramic pastes after their deposition will not be the same as they originally were. Therefore, it is known that the alteration and contamination processes, and the discrimination of some elements, should be considered when studying the ceramics to avoid incorrect interpretations about their provenance, technology and the use of the artefact, as well as its proper preservation. In the present work, the authors performed an experimental approach in order to study the alterations and contaminations that occurred in 60 ceramic cylinders buried in two different underwater environments. Once the pieces were taken out from the water environments, they were characterized by a multi-analytical approach. For this purpose, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and Raman spectroscopy were used. Newly formed minerals of different forms have been identified, with different crystallization grades. Some examples are the needles, flakes, sponges and long and short prisms composed of several elements such as Ca, F, S and O.

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Influence of Firing Temperature on the Physical, Thermal and Microstructural Properties of Kankara Kaolin Clay: A Preliminary Investigation

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Effect of kaolin waste annealing on the structural and thermal behavior of poly(ε−caprolactone)

Effect of kaolin waste annealing on the structural and thermal behavior of poly(ε−caprolactone)

Characterization and Beneficiation of Ethiopian Kaolin for use in Fabrication of Ceramic Membrane

Alterations and Contaminations in Ceramics Deposited in Underwater Environments: An Experimental Approach

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