Influence of fire-ignition methods and stove ventilation rates on gaseous and particle emissions from residential coal braziers

Makonese, Tafadzwa; Masekameni, Masilu Daniel; Annegarn, Harold J.; Forbes, Patricia B.C.

doi:10.17159/2413-3051/2016/v26i4a2089

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The method was often demonstrated in poorly ventilated braziers resulting in elevated smoke emissions, in some cases worse compared to the traditional fire ignition method. The research team at the SeTAR Centre, University of Johannesburg has demonstrated that Basa njengo Magogo fire ignition method coupled with an optimised wellventilated brazier, results in improved combustion efficiency and reduced particle (visible smoke) emissions [12,13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy use scenarios in an informal urban settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa

Makonese

Masekameni

Annegarn

2016

2016 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a survey from a sample of 52 households from three informal urban settlements in Tembisa, Johannesburg, namely Vusimuzi, Madela Kufa Section 1 and Madela Kufa Section 2. The survey covered energy needs for cooking, space heating, water heating and lighting. No information was requested on the age, gender, status in the household, income level of the respondents, or the number of persons in the household. Coal was the primary source of energy for cooking, water heating and space heating, while kerosene was frequently used for cooking and lighting, and less for water heating. The majority of informal dwellings were not connected to the electricity grid at the time of the survey, save for a few which were connected through petrol-powered electric generators or through electricity obtained from a network of illegal connections. None of the households purchased LP gas for domestic use; the fuel is generally perceived to be unsafe for use in these settlements. Factors such as seasonality, the availability and price of fuels, and socio-cultural aspects affect fuel choices and the quantity consumed.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy use scenarios in an informal urban settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa

Makonese

Masekameni

Annegarn

2016

2016 International Conference on the Domestic Use of Energy (DUE)

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The devices were categorised into high, medium and low ventilation rates, depending on the total air hole area. Quantitative results of ventilation rates and other imbaulas used in this study are presented elsewhere (see Makonese et al, 2015).…”

Section: Experimental Stoves and Fuel Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coal was crushed and sieved to maintain a mean particle size diameter of 40-60 mm. Uniform coal size distribution was used for each fuel category to minimise errors inherent in the use of different coal sizes (Makonese et al, 2015). Each batch of fuel was analysed for moisture content before testing.…”

Section: Experimental Stoves and Fuel Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gaseous emissions were monitored using a Testo 350 XL flue gas analyser, while particle emissions were monitored using a DustTrak DRX 8533 aerosol monitor. The schematic of the SeTAR dilution system and experimental setup is presented in detail elsewhere (Makonese et al, 2015;Makonese et al, 2014). Gaseous emissions in parts per million volume can be converted to other units, including energy specific emission factors (EF) in g/MJ, referenced to the energy content of the coal consumed.…”

Section: Gaseous and Particle Matter Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Influence of coal properties on the performance of fixed-bed coal-burning braziers

Makonese

Masekameni

Annegarn

2017

J. energy South. Afr.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, the traditional BLUD method involves placing the kindling and igniting it at the bottom of the brazier or stove, with the bulk of the fuel placed on top of the burning kindling. [23][24][25] The TLUD method is estimated to result in a 70-90% reduction in ambient particulate emissions and a 20% reduction in coal consumption at no additional cost to households. 26,27 For several years (from 2009 to 2014), the implementation of the BnM rollout became a national priority energy intervention programme.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emission factors of domestic coal-burning braziers

Makonese¹,

Masekameni²,

Annegarn³

et al. 2017

S. Afr. J. Sci.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present experimental results of emission factors from a suite of domestic coal-burning braziers (lab fabricated and field collected) that span the possible range of real-world uses in the Highveld region of South Africa. The conventional bottom-lit updraft (BLUD) method and the top-lit updraft (TLUD) method were evaluated using coal particle sizes between 20 mm and 40 mm. Emission factors of CO2, CO and NOx were in the range of 98–102 g/MJ, 4.1–6.4 g/MJ and 75–195 mg/MJ, respectively. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) emissions were in the range 1.3–3.3 g/MJ for the BLUD method and 0.2–0.7 g/MJ for the TLUD method, for both field and lab-designed stoves. When employing the TLUD method, emission factors of PM2.5/PM10 reduced by up to 80% compared with those when using the BLUD method. Results showed the influence of ventilation rates on emission factors, which reduced by ~50% from low to high ventilation rates. For energy-specific emission rates, the combined (3-h) PM10 emission rates were in the range of 0.0028–0.0120 g/s, while the combined average CO emission rates were in the range of 0.20– 0.26 g/s, with CO2 emission rates in the range of 0.54–0.64 g/s. The reported emission factors from coal braziers provide the first comprehensive, systematic set of emission factors for this source category, and fill a major gap in previous efforts to conduct dispersion modelling of South African Highveld air quality.

show abstract

Influence of fire-ignition methods and stove ventilation rates on gaseous and particle emissions from residential coal braziers

Abstract: Despite extensive electrification of low-income residential areas on the South African

Cited by 21 publications

References 24 publications

Energy use scenarios in an informal urban settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa

Energy use scenarios in an informal urban settlement in Johannesburg, South Africa

Influence of coal properties on the performance of fixed-bed coal-burning braziers

Emission factors of domestic coal-burning braziers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About