Influence of fire ignition locations on the actuation of smoke detectors and wet-type sprinklers in a furnished office

Lai, Chi Ming; Chen, Ko Jen; Chen, Chien Jung; Tzeng, Chun Ta; Lin, Ta Hui

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2009.12.008

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Along with the same previously described methodologies (Kurioka et al 2003;Hu et al 2007;Li et al 2011), some researchers have attempted investigate the influences of fire source locations on smoke characteristics. Lai et al (2010) experimentally investigated smoke detector activation in a scaled tunnel with varying burner locations and concluded that the burner location affects on the fire plume. Tsai et al (2011) provided a set of data on the effect of longitudinal fire location on maximum smoke temperature.…”

Section: Discussion On Analyzed Models and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Influences of Different Horizontal Fire Locations on Smoke Temperature Stratification under Tunnel Ceiling

Haddad¹,

Zulkifli²,

Maluk³

et al. 2020

JAFM

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The increased probability of fire occurrence in urban tunnels has led researchers to investigate this issue extensively. Although fire can occur at any point in a tunnel, the effect of fire source position on temperature distribution has not received considerable attention in most of previous investigations. In this research, the influences of varying horizontal fire source locations on temperature diffusion in particular maximum smoke temperature stratification beneath the ceiling has been investigated. A set of scale-down experiments was performed in a model tunnel [3 m (length) × 0.6 m (width) × 0.96 m (height)]. n-Heptane and gasoline were used as fuels in rectangular pools to generate a heat source. The analysis reveals that typical temperature curves have a similar trend when the fire source location changes. Furthermore, the temperature profile tip (maximum smoke temperature) is located between the burner and the origin of the tunnel. The modified model of maximum temperature, which considers the horizontal fire source location, is defined. The results here complement existing literature where the effects of variable fire position in a tunnel have not been considered.

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Section: Discussion On Analyzed Models and Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigation on the Influences of Different Horizontal Fire Locations on Smoke Temperature Stratification under Tunnel Ceiling

Haddad¹,

Zulkifli²,

Maluk³

et al. 2020

JAFM

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“…Recent studies had discovered, beside amount of combustible, the location of fire load [27], opening, ventilation and suppression might influenced the fire growth. Smoke actuation times is shorter for two open door than single open door in compartment due to more air supply generates larger fire and smoke [28]. Based on fire load survey result, there are three main approaches of risk reduction as discussed by Ramachandran & Charters (2011) [1]; i) Reduce the hazard ii)…”

Section: Fire Risk Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire load survey in multi-storey wholesale premise – a case study

Nurud

Ibrahim

Saari

et al. 2018

IJETS

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A combustible material is one of fire hazard where the amount of combustible materials or fire load could affect the heat release and fire severity in enclosure. The fire severity in the context of fire load is related to intensity and duration of fire in enclosure. Fire load survey is conducted in this study to estimate the amount of combustible materials in wholesale premise since it become threat to life safety and property loss. The determinations of fire load in 3-storey wholesale premise in Kuantan city is conducted by using combination fire load survey method; weighing and inventory method. Result from fire load survey can help to determine the sufficient requirements of fire suppression in premise as well as fire fighters intervention strategy. An extension of this study, the data could be used as an important input to design fire for deterministic analysis in fire risk assessment to quantify the level of fire risk towards life, property and environment.

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“…Many factors impact the fire's spread at this stage, including the ignition and burning characteristics of the materials, the geometrical configuration of the combustibles, the dimensions and geometry of the room, the sizes and locations of the openings, etc. [1,2] The plume of hot gases from the fire rises to the ceiling and forms a hot ceiling jet that flows just beneath the ceiling. The hot gases then accumulate under the ceiling to form a so-called upper layer.…”

Section: Background Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Investigations of Fire Spread from Movable to Fixed Fire Loads in Office Fires

Lai

Tsai²,

Lin

2010

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Experiments were conducted in a full-scale model office equipped with movable and fixed fire loads to explore the influence of ignition source location (movable fire load(s)) on fire spread. The office space was a brick structure that measured 6 m in interior length, 5 m in width, and 3.3 m in ceiling height, and was equipped with a sprinkler system that was used as a sensor, but not for suppression. The southeast corner of the room featured a 2.1 m × 0.9 m open doorway. Four fire scenarios (four different ignited movable fire configurations) were investigated experimentally. The results show that when the movable fire load is close to the fixed fire load, the fire becomes more intense. The concentrated movable fire load configuration also increases the initial fire intensity.

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Influence of fire ignition locations on the actuation of smoke detectors and wet-type sprinklers in a furnished office

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Experimental Investigation on the Influences of Different Horizontal Fire Locations on Smoke Temperature Stratification under Tunnel Ceiling

Experimental Investigation on the Influences of Different Horizontal Fire Locations on Smoke Temperature Stratification under Tunnel Ceiling

Fire load survey in multi-storey wholesale premise – a case study

Experimental Investigations of Fire Spread from Movable to Fixed Fire Loads in Office Fires

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