Influence of Fermi Level Alignment with Tin Oxide on the Hysteresis of Perovskite Solar Cells

Aygüler, Meltem F.; Hufnagel, Alexander G.; Rieder, Philipp; Wussler, Michael; Jaegermann, Wolfram; Bein, Thomas; Dyakonov, Vladimir; Petrus, Michiel L.; Baumann, Andreas; Docampo, Pablo

doi:10.1021/acsami.8b00990

Cited by 86 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The residual hysteresis in our devices after optimization of perovskite quality is attributed to the surface traps, which is also consistent with slow increase of photocurrent observed in current–time ( I – t ) scan shown in Figure S9 of the Supporting Information . It was also reported that the hysteresis is related to the energy level alignment at ETL/perovskite interface, which in turn is affected by the presence of deep trap states . In addition to the reduction in the interface trap density, improvements in the conductivity of SnO 2 may also contribute to reduced hysteresis .…”

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

emergence of the hybrid organometal halide perovskite as photovoltaic absorbers had led to a breakthrough in the field of solar technologies. The perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) had accomplished a dramatic enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 [1] to a lately announced certificated PCE of 23.3%, [2] outperforming not only other emerging technologies, but also a number of well-established photovoltaic technologies. The superior properties of hybrid organometal halide perovskite materials include high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy making the material highly suitable for photovoltaic applications. [3][4][5][6] The theoretical maximum PCE for the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x -based PSCs is found to be 31.4%, [7] which approaches the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33% achieved by gallium arsenide solar cells. [8] Tremendous research efforts had been devoted for optimizing the device architecture, as well as deposition techniques and composition of different layers, in particular the perovskite absorber. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity. [16][17][18][19] The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, [20,21] thermal evaporation, [22][23][24] and a combination of vapor and the solution A cryogenic process is introduced to control the crystallization of perovskite layers, eliminating the need for the use of environmentally harmful antisolvents. This process enables decoupling of the nucleation and the crystallization phases by inhibiting chemical reactions in as-cast precursor films rapidly cooled down by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The cooling is followed by blow-drying with nitrogen gas, which induces uniform precipitation of precursors due to the supersaturation of precursors in the residual solvents at very low temperature, while at the same time enhancing the evaporation of the residual solvents and preventing the ordered precursors/perovskite from redissolving into the residual solvents. Using the proposed techniques, the crystallization process can be initiated after the formation of a uniform precursor seed layer. The process is generally applicable to improve the performance of solar cells using perovskite films with different compositions, as demonstrated on three different types of mixed halide perovskites. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% with open-circuit voltage (V OC ) = 1.14 V, short-circuit current density ( J SC ) = 23.5 mA cm −2 , and fill factor (FF) = 0.80 is achieved using the proposed cryogenic process.When humanity in the modern world consumes ever-increasing energy for the development of the infrastructure, growth of the economy and to raise the standard of living, securing clean and sustainable energy resources becomes a cri...

show abstract

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentsupporting

confidence: 84%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This is similar to the case of PCBM ETL. Such a dramatic suppression of the hysteresis may come from the improved electron transport due to the strong electron-accepting ability of 2a and 2b, resulting in suppressed charge accumulation at the perovskite/ITO interface [49,50]. Therefore, these results along with the comparable PCE to PCBM reveal the promising applications of 2a and 2b in PSCs.…”

Section: Applications Inmentioning

confidence: 93%

Successively Regioselective Electrosynthesis and Electron Transport Property of Stable Multiply Functionalized [60]Fullerene Derivatives

Yan

Lin

et al. 2020

Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the recent advance in chemical modification of fullerenes, electrosynthesis has demonstrated increasing importance in regioselective synthesis of novel fullerene derivatives. Herein, we report successively regioselective synthesis of stable tetra- and hexafunctionalized [60]fullerene derivatives. The cycloaddition reaction of the electrochemically generated dianions from [60]fulleroindolines with phthaloyl chloride regioselectively affords 1,2,4,17-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with two attached ketone groups and a unique addition pattern, where the heterocycle is rearranged to a [5,6]-junction and the carbocycle is fused to an adjacent [6,6]-junction. This addition pattern is in sharp contrast with that of the previously reported biscycloadducts, where both cycles are appended to [6,6]-junctions. The obtained tetrafunctionalized compounds can be successively manipulated to 1,2,3,4,9,10-functionalized [60]fullerene derivatives with an intriguing “S”-shaped configuration via a novel electrochemical protonation. Importantly, the stability of tetrafunctionalized [60]fullerene products allows them to be applied in planar perovskite solar cells as efficient electron transport layers.

show abstract

“…Shallow and delocalized Pb‐Cl antisite defects are seen for the PbCl 2 ‐terminated interface (right). Reproduced with permission . Copyright 2017, The American Association for the Advancement of Science.…”

Section: Passivation Of Carrier Transport Layer (Ctl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Passivation Of Carrier Transport Layer (Ctl)mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Perovskite solar cells contain various defects within the perovskite absorber and the corresponding interfaces, affecting device performance and stability. Fortunately, there have been tremendous efforts in advancing passivation techniques contributing to high‐efficiency perovskite solar cell with improved stability. Here, the state‐of‐the‐art passivation approaches for each layer of the perovskite cell with the aim of improving carrier extraction, reducing carrier recombination, and/or improving cell stability are reviewed. Passivation of the electron transport layer can improve the stability of perovskite solar cells by reducing trap states or by physically separating the transport layer from contacting perovskite. Controlling the amount of PbI2 in the perovskite precursor has been found to be effective in passivating defect states at the grain boundaries and on the surface. Additives such as elemental iodine, organic surfactants, and Group 1 metal compounds incorporated in perovskite precursors have been reported to passivate recombination trap centers. These approaches have also contributed to improved energy band alignment between carrier transport layers and perovskite absorber improving device performance. An effective strategy to improve moisture stability is the use of 2D perovskites or hydrophobic large cation molecules forming 2D or quasi‐2D phases at grain boundaries or film surfaces providing passivation and preventing moisture ingress.

show abstract

Influence of Fermi Level Alignment with Tin Oxide on the Hysteresis of Perovskite Solar Cells

Cited by 86 publications

References 28 publications

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Successively Regioselective Electrosynthesis and Electron Transport Property of Stable Multiply Functionalized [60]Fullerene Derivatives

Review of Novel Passivation Techniques for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About