Influence of feeding fractionated esters of autoxidized lard and cottonseed oil on growth, thirst, organ weights, and liver lipids of rats

Abstract

Summary Lard and cottonseed oil which had been autoxidized at about 100°C. for 210 hrs. were fractionated by a technique involving molecular distillation, conversion to ethyl esters, urea‐complex formation, and redistillation. The ethyl esters were then fed to rats for three weeks at a level of 8% in a purified diet. Growth, water intake, organ weights, total liver lipids, and serum and liver cholesterol levels were determined. Groups fed 8% lard served as controls. Growth was severely depressed by the residue fractions of the urea‐complex‐ and noncomplex‐forming portions of the original molecular distillates. Of the three fractions from the original molecular distillation residues, the dimeric and polymeric fractions were the most active. The relative liver and kidney weights were usually increased by feeding the growth‐depressing fractions. However there were a number of exceptions indicating more specific effects from some of the fractions. Water intakes were lower with the fractions derived from the original molecular distillates than with those from the original molecular distillation residues. Testicular fat body weights suggested that feeding of autoxidized CSO fractions led to less neutral fat deposition than feeding of corresponding autoxidized lard fractions. Dry weight of the enlarged livers was higher, and the total lipid lower than of the control livers. Total liver cholesterol was higher in animals with smaller livers, but there was no difference in the cholesterol content of the total liver lipids. Serum cholesterol levels were lower in animals with large livers. Further study of those fractions having pharmacological properties is suggested.

Comparison of thermally oxidized lipids and acetaminophen with concurrent consumption of ethanol as inducers of liver cirrhosis

“…Therefore, it seems likely that initial necrosis of hepatocytes brought about by oxidized lipids induced hepatic proliferation via desialation of humoral substrates under the influence of B-Neu and/or F-Neu with consequent regenerative DNA synthesis and mitosis leading to enlarged livers. Our results agree with previous observation of liver enlargement of experimental animals fed oxidized lipids (Kaunitz et al, 1959;Iwaoka & Perkins, 1976;Alexander, 1978). On the other hand, activities of ML acid hydrolases, such as ^-D-N-acetylgalactosaminidase, /3-D-N-acetylglucosaminidase, ^-galactosidase, «-galactosidase, and oc-fucosidase, were elevated 50-69% and remained at these levels up to mo 4 of the experiment.…”

“…Recent reports documented that ingestion of oxidation products of thermally degraded lipids result in various symptoms of toxicity including organ enlargement, growth depression, necrosis of liver cells, extensive cellular damage, and even death (Kaunitz et al, 1959;Perkins & Kummerow, 1959;Alexander, 1978Alexander, , 1981. For example, livers of rats fed 0.15% cyclic fatty acid esters were spongy to the touch and light yellow in color, and certain lobes exhibited more pronounced fatty acid infiltration similar to liver cirrhosis than the others (Iwaoka & Perkins, 1976).…”

“…For example, livers of rats fed 0.15% cyclic fatty acid esters were spongy to the touch and light yellow in color, and certain lobes exhibited more pronounced fatty acid infiltration similar to liver cirrhosis than the others (Iwaoka & Perkins, 1976). Kaunitz et al (1959) reported that rats fed fractionated esters of autoxidized lard and cottonseed oil experienced the most liver and kidney enlargement and depressed body weights. Similarly, Ohfuji and Kaneda (1973) observed that esters of oxidatively polymerized oils are toxic to mice and sharply depressed their rates of growth.…”

Identification et dosage des acides monomères à structure cyclique hydrogénés dans les lipides hépatiques du Rat ayant ingéré de l'huile de lin chauffée

“…Dans un travail antérieur (Potteau, Dubois et Rigaud, 1978), nous avons cherché à doser et à identifier les acides monomères à structure cyclique hydrogénés obtenus à partir de (Lhuissier et Potteau, 1972 (Potteau, 1974 (1953,1956), Nolen, Alexander et Artman (1967), Artman (1969) (Raulin, 1960 ;Vies et Gottenbos, 1972 Kummerow, 1959), ou en certains produits formés lors de l'autoxydation à des températures relativement peu élevées (de l'ambiante à 100 °C) de différents corps gras (Poling et al, 1962 ;Kaunitz et al, 1959 ;Nakamura et al, 1973 Ces éventualités n'ont pas été étudiées dans le présent travail et demanderaient des recherches complémentaires.…”

Autoxidation of Fish Oils. I. Identification of Volatile Monocarbonyl Compounds from Autoxidized Salmon Oila, b, c

“…Considerable research has been directed toward problems involving the nutrition of autoxidized fats (Andrews et al, 1960;Kaunitz et al, 1959;Machlin et al, 1959). The exact material responsible for the toxic properties has not been elucidated.…”