Influence of Feeding Fish the Dried-Treated Sewage on Physiological Responses and Histological Structure of the Liver

Abstract

Fish are one of the most extensively distributed organisms in the aquatic environment. A field study was conducted for 102 days at feeding period. A 100 fish/net-Hapa (Nile tilapia, silver carp, common carp and African catfish) were stocked at a rate of 1: 1: 1: 1 using a polyculture system. Two experimental net-Hapa/treatment were used, one treatment as a control fish fed a commercial diet and the second one fish were fed a Dried Sewage Sludge (DSS), product of treating sanitary and agricultural drainage of Al-Reiad city, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were withdrawn for measuring the hematological and serum biochemical parameters, also liver samples were taken from each fish species for histopathological examinations. From the obtained results, it was clear that DSS feeding did not negatively affect the blood picture in general, although the significantly elevated values of transaminases activity and triglycerides concentration. The DSS feeding led to some drastic histological alterations in the liver structure. Conclusively, the presence of some pollutants from agricultural and urban drainages whether in the rearing water or in DSS that can negatively affect fish health, production and quality as well as could be inter the food chain and threat human health; so, it is recommended to give more concern on food and water quality (environmental friendly) used in aquaculture to offer more safe products for human consumption.

Seasonal analysis of certain biochemical parameters of carps cultured in domestic sewage oxidation ponds

“…The reason for higher lactate values may be due to their increased feeding habits and related more physiological activities. Active swimmers have high glucose and lactate levels as compared to less active sluggish forms [5,7,12,20,27,28]. Another reason for high serum lactate levels may be due to large amounts of glycogen present in the liver of the experimental fish is converted in to lactate [7,15,29].…”

“…Fishes and their biochemical parameters can be considered as bio-indicators or bio-monitors of aquatic system for assessing the quality of water and also the survival and growth rates of fishes grown in such environments [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Bio-chemical and pathological changes of fishes exposed to varying degrees and types of environmental pollution or stress have been measured by several investigators since last many years [9,[16][17][18][19][20].…”

Comparison Between Blood Haematology of Egyptian Freshwater Food Fish and Ornamental Fish

“…Sewage sludge feeding did not negatively affect the blood picture in general. Yet, Abdelhamid et al [16] revealed that regardless of fish species, only RBCs, WBC and PLT reflected significant differences between both dietary treatments (dried sewage sludge versus control) with higher values for sewage sludge fed fish. However, catfish gave significantly higher values for most of the hematological parameters referring to best tolerance among the studied fish species.…”

“…It includes the erythrocytes or red blood cells (RBCs) count, leucocytes or white blood cells (WBCs) count, platelets counts, and haemoglobin (Hgb or Hb) concentration. However, there is no standard ranges for fish haematological parameters; since, not only fish species is responsible for haematological variations [14], but also it is affected by stress factors [15], dietary supplements [16], nutritional treatments [14], immunstimulators [17], culture systems [18], and pollution [14].…”

“…Therefore direct use of poultry hatchery waste as sole supplementary feed should be encouraged [20]. Abdelhamid et al [16] fed Nile tilapia, silver carp, common carp, and African catfish (in a poly-culture rearing system) dried sewage sludge. Sewage sludge feeding did not negatively affect the blood picture in general.…”