Influence of faculty diversity on resident diversity across surgical subspecialties

Santosa, Katherine B.; Priest, Caitlin; Oliver, Jeremie D.; Bellomo, Tiffany R.; Bonner, Sidra N.; Matusko, Niki; Sandhu, Gurjit; Waljee, Jennifer F.

doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.02.009

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…These findings are particularly relevant, considering that attrition rates among undergraduates disproportionately impact women and traditionally underrepresented minorities (Zhang et al, 2020) and that gender and racial disparity persist throughout academic career advancement, as evidenced by the slower ascent through the ranks of both academic medicine and clinical psychology for women and persons of color (Casad et al, 2021; Pryor et al, 2019; White et al, 2021). While diversity is increasing among undergraduates, mentorship for those historically underrepresented in medicine and behavioral science is stymied by the lack of representation among senior academic faculty and practitioners (Association of American Medical Colleges, 2021; Flores et al, 2019; Santosa et al, 2022). Although some medical and graduate schools have designed pathway programs aimed at promoting diversity and achievement within physician and health professional ranks (Abernethy, 1999; Blakely & Broussard, 2003; Grumbach & Chen, 2006; Kumar & West, 2019; Morgan et al, 2016), few standalone undergraduate mentoring programs exist that address the disparities in our field by creating a conduit of success among those individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starting early: Case study of mentoring for undergraduate training through the Veterans Health Administration and implications for promoting equity.

Zambrano-Vazquez,

Szabo,

Mitchell

et al. 2024

Psychological Services

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starting early: Case study of mentoring for undergraduate training through the Veterans Health Administration and implications for promoting equity.

Zambrano-Vazquez,

Szabo,

Mitchell

et al. 2024

Psychological Services

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“…These factors likely contribute to over one‐third of otolaryngology residency programs matriculating one or fewer URiM residents 42 . Lastly, the diversity of a department's faculty correlates with the diversity of its residents 43 . Thus, improving representation among faculty is likely to create a safer, more welcoming environment for URiM and Asian trainees and, when this diversity is leveraged, may lead to discussions and interventions that enhance equity of application processes for all applicants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology

Russel,

Farzal,

Ebert

et al. 2023

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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ObjectiveTo assess inequities in representation among ranks and odds of promotion by race in academic otolaryngology.Study DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUS academic medical centers.MethodsDemographic data was collected for medical students, residents, and faculty in the Association of American Medical Colleges and Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education databases for the academic year 2020 to 2021. The rank equity index (REI) was used to make pairwise comparisons between ranks to determine groups' representation between levels. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) demonstrating the likelihood that an individual of a particular rank/race would advance in their academic career were determined.ResultsRepresentation comparing medical students with full professors for black, Latine, and Asian otolaryngologists was below parity (REI: 0.27, 0.85, 0.85, respectively). Black (OR: 0.20, CI: 0.15, 0.26), Latine (OR: 0.61, CI: 0.50, 0.75), and Asian (OR: 0.62, CI: 0.55, 0.71) medical students all faced lower odds of becoming otolaryngology residents compared to their white counterparts. Similar findings occurred when comparing resident and assistant professor representation. American Indian/Alaskan Native (AIAN) and Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI) REIs and ORs could not be assessed as only 1 self‐reported AIAN and no NHPI faculty are present in the studied data.ConclusionUnderrepresented in Medicine and Asian physicians faced worsening representation at each rung of the academic otolaryngology ladder. The greatest losses occurred when medical students transitioned to residents and residents transitioned to assistant professors. AIAN and NH faculty were absent in otolaryngology, indicating vital targets for recruitment efforts.

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“…38,39 However, despite this benefit, the growth in female representation in surgery is incremental, whereas there has been little to no change in representation of racial and ethnic minority surgical residents. 38,40 Furthermore, representation of women and URiM faculty in leadership positions is even more inequitable. 41 Innovative programs, like the Diverse Surgeon Initiative, have resulted in a high rate of residency and subspecialty training for underrepresented surgeons and fellowship in the American College of Surgeons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is as important that we actively address these barriers by creating a more inclusive and diverse surgical workforce. Diversity in the surgical workforce is critical to promote diverse perspectives and innovation, 37 and diverse faculty have a positive effect on the diversity of residents and medical students 38,39 . However, despite this benefit, the growth in female representation in surgery is incremental, whereas there has been little to no change in representation of racial and ethnic minority surgical residents 38,40 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Identity with Sustained and Cultivated Careers in Surgery

et al. 2023

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Objective: Examine the association between sex, race, ethnicity, and family income, and the intersectionality between these identities, and sustained or cultivated paths in surgery in medical school. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examines U.S. medical students who matriculated in academic years 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Data was provided by the Association of American Medical Colleges, including self-reported sex, race, ethnicity, family income, interest in surgery at matriculation, and successful placement into a surgical residency at graduation. This study examined two outcomes: 1) sustained path in surgery between matriculation and graduation for students who entered medical school with an interest in surgery, and 2) cultivated path in surgery for students who entered medical school not initially interested in surgery and who applied to and were successfully placed into a surgical residency at graduation. Results: Among the 5,074 students who reported interest in surgery at matriculation, 2,108 (41.5%) had sustained path in surgery. Compared to male students, female students were significantly less likely to have sustained path in surgery (aRR: 0.92 (0.85-0.98)), while Asian (aRR: 0.82, 95%CI: 0.74-0.91), Hispanic (aRR: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.59-0.83), and low-income (aRR: 0.85, 95%CI: 0.78-0.92) students were less likely to have a sustained path in surgery compared to their peers. Among the 17,586 students who reported an initial interest in a non-surgical specialty, 1,869 (10.6%) were placed into a surgical residency at graduation. Female students, regardless of race/ethnic identity and income, were significantly less likely to have cultivated paths in surgery compared to male students, with URiM female students reporting the lowest rates. Conclusion and Relevance: This study demonstrates significant disparity in sustained and cultivated paths in surgery during undergraduate medical education. Innovative transformation of the surgical learning environment to promote surgical identity development and belonging for female, URiM, and low-income students is essential to diversify the surgical workforce.

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Influence of faculty diversity on resident diversity across surgical subspecialties

Cited by 13 publications

References 37 publications

Starting early: Case study of mentoring for undergraduate training through the Veterans Health Administration and implications for promoting equity.

Starting early: Case study of mentoring for undergraduate training through the Veterans Health Administration and implications for promoting equity.

Finding the Potholes in Academic Career Pathways for Underrepresented Groups in Otolaryngology

Association of Socioeconomic Status, Sex, Racial, and Ethnic Identity with Sustained and Cultivated Careers in Surgery

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