Influence of Factors Determining Weeds’ Plant Tissue Reaction to the Electric Pulse Damage Impact

Abstract

Due to the emerging danger to the life of animals and people, today there is a turn to safe technologies for controlling weeds by physical methods, both from the point of view of ecology and food safety, which include the destruction of plants using an electric current, in particular, high-voltage electrical pulses. The purpose of the study presented in the article is to identify and evaluate the effect of high-voltage electrical pulses on the irreversible damage to the intracellular structures of the plant tissue of weeds and unwanted grasses during their electric weed control, characterizing and evaluating the parameters and modes associated with such processing. Experimental studies were carried out using a laboratory experimental setup that consists of a pulse voltage generator, a control circuit for a spherical forming spark gap, and schemes for measuring the electrical resistance of the plant tissue of the weed sample. The lesion level made it possible to control the depth of irreversible damage to the internal structure of the plant tissue of weeds by measuring its tolerance (the conductivity of the tissue increased with increasing damage to the cellular components of the tissue).The irreversible damage to the plant tissues of weeds for weeds of various biological groups, which is characterized by reaching the value of at least 4.0–7.5 degrees of damage to their tissues, can be acted on them with high-voltage electrical pulses in the treated tissue of an electric field intensity of at least 3.74 kV/cm, while ensuring specific processing electric energy for the reliable processing of weeds: for Euphórbia virgáta, thise quals 5.2…17.5 J/cm3; for Amaránthus retrofléxus, it is 3.5…7.7 J/cm3; for Cirsium arvense, it is 2.7…10.9 J/cm3;for Sónchus arvénsis, it is 3.7…15.8 J/cm3; and for Lactúca tatárica, it is 3.3…8.1 J/cm3.

Ecological assessment of soil salinization in the southern Aral Sea Region

“…The maximum values were revealed in the very CN-3, and the minimum values were revealed in CN-4 (Fig. 2) [20]. According to experts, in regularly irrigated lands, small hills that are the result of unfavorable planning of irrigated fields, poorly moisturized areas adjacent to irrigated areas, as well as low areas to which there is a regular inflow of groundwater from adjacent irrigated areas can serve as the salt accumulation spaces [5,7,10].…”

Pulse gear reducer model to improve the efficiency and quality of onion sets

“…7) developed at State Agrarian University. The variable pulse gear reducer of the onion planter includes a housing (1), rolling bearings (2), a driven shaft (3), freewheel clutches (4) fitted on the driven shaft (3), push rods (5) with rollers (6), which are pivotally connected to free-wheel clutches (4), tension springs (7), a guide (8), an adjustment lever (9), as well as four cams (10) fixed on the drive shaft (11) [19][20].…”

Electro-technological operations with planting material in horticulture and forest protection plantations

“…In addition to the above advantages of electrophysical effects, it is necessary to highlight their environmental and food safety as the main, integral element for the implementation of the programme of organic food production, as well as the possibility of remote flexible control, achieving a maximum coordinated interface with sensors and automation systems. And in general, we can consider them as a component of the implementation of the concept of modern agriculture 4.0 [8][9][10]. Let us analyse some of these influencing factors that directly affect plant objects and materials, while achieving the required technological effect through the manifestation of not only the immediate impact, but also the aftereffect.…”