“…Numerous studies found negative effects of SNSs on language learning (e.g., González, 2003;Karpinski, 2009;Madge, Meek, Wellens, & Hooley, 2009;Shih, 2011;Abbasova, 2016;Cabrera, 2018;Chepkemoi, Situma, & Murunga, 2018). Many of these reported negative effects on study and writing techniques, including distraction from studies, decreased aptitude in grammar and spelling, and increased tendency to copy-paste content instead of creating original content (Cabrera, 2018), as well as declines in overall academic performance (Karpinski, 2009).…”