Influence of Exogenous Interleukin‐2 Concentration on the Isolation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus

Zöllner, Bernhard; Laufs, Rainer

doi:10.1111/j.1348-0421.1995.tb02177.x

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…These immunostimulatory and anti-HIV activities have led to therapeutical applications of IL-2 in HIV infection (69). Inhibition of HIV reproduction in HIV-infected patients by antiretroviral therapy is associated with a stimulation of IL-2 synthesis and a decreased incidence of opportunistic infections (70,71). In contrast to the reports mentioned above (66,67), in our HIV-1positive patients, IL-2 plasma levels were in the normal range (Table 1).…”

Section: Cytokinescontrasting

confidence: 71%

Multiparameter Analysis of Clastogenic Factors, Pro-oxidant Cytokines, and Inflammatory Markers in HIV-1-Infected Patients with Asymptomatic Disease, Opportunistic Infections, and Malignancies

Fuchs

Oelke

Imhof

et al. 1998

Mol Med

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HIV-1-infected patients are in chronic oxidative stress and clastogenic factors (CFs) are present in their plasma. CFs from patients with HIV are formed via superoxide anion radical and stimulate further superoxide production. The pathophysiolgic significance and the exact composition of the circulating clastogenic material in patients with HIV is unknown. Cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), are increased in the plasma of patients with HIV and TNF-alpha shows clastogenic activity in vitro. The aim of this clinical study was to compare levels of CF in HIV-1-positive patients with asymptomatic disease, opportunistic infections, and malignancies with those in HIV-1-negative control groups and to correlate CF activity with CD4+ T cell numbers, the cytokines (TNF-alpha, interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-6), and the inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein [CRP], neopterin, granulocyte elastase). CFs were significantly increased in all HIV-1-positive patients and in HIV-1-negative patients with malignant tumors. HIV-1-positive patients with Kaposi's sarcoma showed the highest CF activity in their plasma (p < 0.08). CFs appear very early in HIV infection, and they correlate negatively with CD4+ T cells, which are an indicator of disease activity. The presence of CF in the plasma of HIV-infected patients is not a general response to a viral infection because these factors are not increased in HIV-1-negative patients with viral infection (zoster). CFs are not specific for the HIV-1 infection; they also occur in HIV-1-negative patients with malignant tumors. There was a tendency towards a positive correlation (p < 0.14) between CF and TNF-alpha but there was no positive correlation of CF with IL-2, IL-6, CRP, elastase, and neopterin levels. This indicates that TNF-alpha may be among the components of CF in HIV-1-infected patients. In addition, other unidentified components may contribute to the clastogenic activity of the plasma or the composition of CF may vary from patient to patient. Further clinical studies with larger sample populations are necessary to analyze the composition of CF in HIV-1-positive patients.

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Section: Cytokinescontrasting

confidence: 71%