Influence of exercise training mode on arterial diameter: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Our results provide evidence for localised arterial differences, which occur more extensively in peripheral vessels (brachial and femoral). Chronically, vascular remodelling may occur as a result of the specific haemodynamic conditions within each vessel, which likely differs depending on the mode of exercise. In the future, empirical research is needed to understand the effect of resistance training on chronic vascular remodelling, as this is not well documented.

Acute Cardiovascular Adaptation to Strenuous Exercise: An Integrative Ultrasound Study

“…The postexercise vasodilatation phenomenon was not observed in the muscular site, suggesting a different acute functional adaptation in central arteries with respect to peripheral leg vessels. These data confirm the idea that vascular modifications can differ along the arterial tree as a result of specific local hemodynamic conditions and training . Larger studies on acute effects of endurance exercise on the vascular system could allow a finer stratification of this kind of subject to improve athletic performance and increase personal safety by reducing risk.…”

“…However, plasma osmolality (from 298 ± 5 to 310 ± 7 mmol/L; P < .0001), urine density (from 1020 ± 6 to 1024 ± 5 kg/m 3 ; P = .03) and the serum sodium concentration (from 139.7 ± 2.2 to 142.6 ± 3.8 mEq/L; P = .007) were significantly increased. Furthermore, all of the athletes showed an increase in extravascular lung water, identified as B-lines (1 [0-4] to 12 [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23]; P < .0001) after the race (Figure 1).…”

“…Although the concept of “athlete's heart” is generally well accepted, the effects of exercise and, especially, athletic activity on the arterial tree have not been fully described . Exercise training studies performed in healthy people indicate that arterial remodeling occurs in response to prolonged training interventions, and vascular modifications can differ between different sites as a result of the specific local hemodynamic conditions . In particular, in endurance athletes, an enlarged arterial diameter and decreased intima‐media thickness (IMT) were observed.…”

“…1,2 Exercise training studies performed in healthy people indicate that arterial remodeling occurs in response to prolonged training interventions, 1,3,4 and vascular modifications can differ between different sites as a result of the specific local hemodynamic conditions. 5,6 In particular, in endurance athletes, an enlarged arterial diameter and decreased intima-media thickness (IMT) were observed. Vascular function in this population appears to be complex [7][8][9] and not yet fully described in literature: morphologic changes may have an impact on arterial function, and further studies are needed to provide sufficient evidence regarding this phenomenon.…”

Allometric scaling of flow‐mediated dilation: is it always helpful?

“…D base has been negatively correlated with %FMD (Thijssen et al ., ) such that individuals with larger values for D base (i.e., older or diseased populations) have lower %FMD, and vice versa. However, although D base is often higher in diseased versus healthy populations (Yeboah et al ., , ), D base can also become larger in response to many interventions, including regular exercise (Black et al ., ). This may account for the difficulty in explaining certain results; for example, trained and untrained individuals having similar %FMD values.…”