Influence of Exercise Intensity on Abdominal Fat and Adiponectin in Elderly Adults

Abstract

To examine the infl uence of moderate-intensity (50% of VO 2peak ) exercise training (MI) versus high-intensity (75% of VO 2peak ) exercise training (HI) on regional fat distribution and plasma adiponectin, we randomized 18 overweight (body mass index [BMI] = 30 ± 1 kg/m 2 ) elderly (71 ± 1 years) to HI, MI, or a control group (CON). Subjects enrolled in HI or MI completed a 12-week exercise training protocol designed to expend 1000 kcal/ week. Body composition testing was completed prior to and following the exercise training using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and a computed tomography scan. Plasma adiponectin was measured using enzymelinked immunoassay (ELISA). VO 2peak improved in HI and MI, whereas there was no change in VO 2peak in CON. No signifi cant change in body weight, BMI, and % fat occurred in MI, HI, or CON. Although there was a significant reduction in visceral fat with HI (−39 cm 2 ), there was no change in the MI or CON groups. In addition, there was a signifi cant increase in thigh muscle attenuation in the HI group. There were no changes in thigh muscle attenuation in the MI and CON groups. Also, there was no change in plasma adiponectin in the MI, HI, or CON groups. In summary, our direct comparison of exercise intensity without weight loss promotes the effi cacy of HI in the reduction in visceral fat, even without changes in adiponectin.

Effects of Ten Weeks of Aerobic Interval Training and Four Weeks Detraining on Plasma Adiponectin Level in Male Student Non-Athletes

“…Coker et al investigated the effect of exercise intensity (50% vs. 70% peak oxygen consumption) abdominal fat and adiponectin levels in the elderly. But no change was observed in plasma adiponectin [37]. The contradiction of the results of the study in plasma adiponectin compared to other studies may be due to factors such as differences in study groups during exercise, exercise intensity and type of exercises.…”

Decrease in regional body fat after long-term high-intensity interval training

“…Tremblay et al were the first to report that better preferential fat loss could be achieved with HIIT than with conventional endurance training despite less than half the energy expenditure with HIIT 3) . Coker et al showed a significant reduction in VAT, with no significant change in body weight, in the highintensity continuous exercise group only, with no change observed in the moderate-intensity and non-exercising groups 16) . Because visceral adiposity is a sensitive marker for energy excess of the whole body 17) , high-intensity exercise may indeed modulate whole-body energy balance independent of exercise-induced energy expenditure.…”

Research on the impact of exercise on body composition of elderly

“…Да би се вежбањем остварио максимално позитиван утицај, битно је познавати базалну потрошњу, потрошњу енергије путем физичких активности, здравствено стање и способности особе (Костић, 2009). Значај физичког вежбања у функцији очувања и унапређења здравља, побољшања телесног саставастарих особа потврђен је у многим студијама (Grant, Todd, Aitchison, Kelly, & Stoddart, 2004;Coker, Williams, Kortebein, Sullivan, & Evans, 2009;Bakhtiari et al, 2012;Andersen, Schmidt, Pedersen, Krustrup & Bangsbo, 2016) .Савремен начин живота и рада је такав да је технолошки развој примораo човека да се мање фокусира на физичке активности (Weineck, 2004). Aктиван начин живота и свакодневна физичка активност умереног карактера имају значајан утицај на телесни састав старијих особа (Fujita, Nagatomi, Hozawa, Ohkubo, Sato, Anzai, & Tsuji, 2003), јер редовним физичким вежбањем се смањује ризик од настанка разних обољења (ACSM, 1998).…”

“…Осам студија (Dunstan et al, 2002;Fujita et al, 2003;Kodama, Shu, Saito, Murakami, Tanaka, Kuno, & Shimano et al, 2007;Coker et al, 2009;Chen, Godfrey, Ng, Moorthi, Liangos, Ruthazer, & Castaneda-Sceppa et al, 2010;Vroege, Wijsman, Broekhuizen, de Craen, van Heemst, van der Ouderaa, & Verhagen et al, 2014;Miyamoto-Mikami, Sato, Kurihara, Hasegawa, Fujie, Fujita, & Iemitsu et al, 2015;Wijsman et al, 2016) су обухватиле испитанике мушког и женског пола, пет студија (Cooper et al, 1998;Hansen, Dendale, Jonkers, Beelen, Manders, Corluy, & Van Loon et al, 2009;Kim & Kim 2013;Bruseghini, Calabria, Tam, Milanese, Oliboni, Pezzato, & Capelli et al, 2015;Andersen et al, 2016) 3 "body composition", "elderly people", "60-70 years", "effects", "aerobic training", "endurance training", "high intensity training" .…”