Influence of epicuticular-wax composition on the feeding pattern of a phytophagous insect: implications for host resistance

Daoust, Simon P.; Mader, Brian J.; Bauce, Éric; Despland, Emma; Dussutour, Audrey; Albert, Paul

doi:10.4039/n09-064

Cited by 28 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This latter response is consistent with and may explain the high budworm larval mortality reported by Daoust et al (2010) on resistant white spruces in the Drummondville forest. This latter response is consistent with and may explain the high budworm larval mortality reported by Daoust et al (2010) on resistant white spruces in the Drummondville forest.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…One of two previous studies on the same white spruce showed that behaviour of spruce budworm larvae exposed to resistant or susceptible needle aqueous extracts did not differ (Daoust et al, 2010). Yet, in a second study in the Drummondville forest, Despland et al (2011) found that resistant white spruce needles were considered anti-digestive or toxic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Resistance or susceptibility was determined according to percent defoliation (resistant: 0-20%, susceptible: 30-70%) that was recorded after observations were made during a local outbreak and fieldrearing of spruce budworm in sleeve cages (Daoust et al, 2010). The forest had suffered severe budworm defoliation several years previous to sampling (in 2008, 16.6 larvae per 70 cm of susceptible branch and 1.85 larvae per 70 cm of resistant branch).…”

Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Phenolic compounds that confer resistance to spruce budworm

Delvas

Bauce

Labbé³

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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Phenolic compounds are apparently important in the defence mechanisms of conifers. To test the hypothesis that phenolic compounds in resistant white spruce [Picea glauca (Moench) Voss (Pinaceae)] impart resistance against spruce budworm [Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)], we performed aqueous extractions of current-year shoots of white spruce that were tolerant of varying levels of budworm defoliation. High-performance liquid chromatographic profiles of water extracts of P. glauca needles differed between resistant and susceptible trees. Further nuclear magnetic resonance analyses identified two phenolic glucosides in susceptible white spruce, picein [3-(b-D-glucosyloxy)-hydroxy-acetophenone] and pungenin [3-(b-D-glucosyloxy)-4-hydroxy-acetophenone], and two phenolics in resistant white spruce, pungenol (3¢,4¢-hydroxy-acetophenone) and piceol (4¢-hydroxyacetophenone). We focused on the performance of spruce budworm when piceol and pungenol were added to the diet. These two compounds significantly reduced larval survival, retarded development, and reduced pupal mass. Food consumption by sixth-instar spruce budworms was affected by a combination of the phenolic compounds. These results suggest that the two phenolic compounds reduce the pressure of spruce budworm herbivory on specific host tree phenotypes. Thus, the mechanism of defence in P. glauca apparently reflects a strategy of constitutive resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Study Site Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phenolic compounds that confer resistance to spruce budworm

Delvas

Bauce

Labbé³

et al. 2011

Entomologia Experimentalis Et Applicata

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“…Host resistance against SBW has been linked to growth phenology and the chemical composition of foliage (Clancy, 2002; Daoust et al ., 2010; Delvas et al ., 2011), but the underlying mechanisms and population patterns of variation are largely unknown. Constitutive and inducible defence mechanisms against insects have been identified in herbaceous plants like Nicotiana attenuata and Arabidopsis thaliana (Kessler and Baldwin, 2002; Todesco et al ., 2010; Züst et al ., 2012) and in forest trees such as spruce (Hall et al ., 2011) and poplar (Irmisch et al ., 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of the β‐glucosidase genePgβglu‐1underpins natural resistance of white spruce against spruce budworm

et al. 2014

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Periodic outbreaks of spruce budworm (SBW) affect large areas of ecologically and economically important conifer forests in North America, causing tree mortality and reduced forest productivity. Host resistance against SBW has been linked to growth phenology and the chemical composition of foliage, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and population variation are largely unknown. Using a genomics approach, we discovered a β-glucosidase gene, Pgβglu-1, whose expression levels and function underpin natural resistance to SBW in mature white spruce (Picea glauca) trees. In phenotypically resistant trees, Pgβglu-1 transcripts were up to 1000 times more abundant than in non-resistant trees and were highly enriched in foliage. The encoded PgβGLU-1 enzyme catalysed the cleavage of acetophenone sugar conjugates to release the aglycons piceol and pungenol. These aglycons were previously shown to be active against SBW. Levels of Pgβglu-1 transcripts and biologically active acetophenone aglycons were substantially different between resistant and non-resistant trees over time, were positively correlated with each other and were highly variable in a natural white spruce population. These results suggest that expression of Pgβglu-1 and accumulation of acetophenone aglycons is a constitutive defence mechanism in white spruce. The progeny of resistant trees had higher Pgβglu-1 gene expression than non-resistant progeny, indicating that the trait is heritable. With reported increases in the intensity of SBW outbreaks, influenced by climate, variation of Pgβglu-1 transcript expression, PgβGLU-1 enzyme activity and acetophenone accumulation may serve as resistance markers to better predict impacts of SBW in both managed and wild spruce populations.

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“…Feeding by C. fumiferana larvae is stimulated on paper discs treated with host waxes (Maloney et al ., ) and hexane extracts (Albert & Parisella, , ; Albert, ) relative to controls. Larvae both palpate for less time and are more likely to initiate feeding on intact foliage than on dewaxed foliage (Daoust et al ., ), suggesting that plant waxes mediate cues for host recognition and feeding initiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spruce budworm feeding and oviposition are stimulated by monoterpenes in white spruce epicuticular waxes

Ennis¹,

Despland²,

Chen³

et al. 2016

Insect Science

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Monoterpenes, source of the distinctive odor of conifers, are generally considered plant defensive compounds. However, they are also known to act as long-range insect attractants, as they are volatile and permeate forest airspaces. Moreover, they are lipid soluble and can be absorbed into plant epicuticular waxes. We test their role in short-range host plant choice by both adult females and larvae of a folivorous forest pest (Choristoneura fumiferana). We conducted laboratory assays testing the responses of Eastern spruce budworm to an artificial monoterpene mix (α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, myrcene) and to white spruce (Picea glauca) epicuticular waxes in closed arenas. Ovipositing females preferred filter paper discs treated with P. glauca waxes to controls, and preferred the waxes + monoterpenes treatment to waxes alone. However, females showed no preference between the monoterpene-treated disc and the control when presented without waxes. Feeding larvae prefered wax discs to control discs. They also consumed discs treated with realistic monoterpene concentrations and wax preferentially over wax-only discs, but showed no preference between extremely high monoterpene concentrations and wax-only controls. In an insect-free assay, P. glauca epicuticular wax decreased monoterpene volatilization. These results suggest that P. glauca waxes and realistic concentrations of monoterpenes are stimulatory to both egg-laying females and feeding larvae, and that their effects are synergistic.

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Influence of epicuticular-wax composition on the feeding pattern of a phytophagous insect: implications for host resistance

Cited by 28 publications

References 40 publications

Phenolic compounds that confer resistance to spruce budworm

Phenolic compounds that confer resistance to spruce budworm

Expression of the β‐glucosidase genePgβglu‐1underpins natural resistance of white spruce against spruce budworm

Spruce budworm feeding and oviposition are stimulated by monoterpenes in white spruce epicuticular waxes

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