Influence of environmental temperature on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in the rat

Schmidek, Werner Robert; Hoshino, Katsumasa; Schmidek, M.; Timo-Iaria, C.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(72)90384-8

Cited by 102 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown that application of sustained hypoxic stimuli decrease body temperature and reduce metabolism in rats (12,37). Sleep efficiency is maximal under thermoneutral conditions (51) and hence the quantity of sleep, especially REM sleep, is decreased when ambient temperature is raised or lowered outside the thermoneutral range (58), a phenomenon that is corroborated by our findings in WT mice. It has been previously shown that sustained hypoxia elicits a reduction in the behavioral thermoregulatory set point in rats (14), and, at subthermoneutral ambient temperatures, such changes are accompanied by reductions in both body temperature and metabolic heat production (12).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement in mice reveals increased susceptibility to sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia

Kaushal

Ramesh

Gozal

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement in mice reveals increased susceptibility to sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia

Kaushal

Ramesh

Gozal

2012

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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“…Our observation of acute cold exposure suppression of sleep, EEG SWA, and body temperature in all 4 genotypes confirms prior observations in cats (31), rats (32)(33)(34), and mice (35). Cold-induced suppressed REMS is followed by rebound increases when mice (35) or rats (36,37) are returned to room temperature; we observed similar rebound increases in REMS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

The preproghrelin gene is required for the normal integration of thermoregulation and sleep in mice

Szentirmai

Kapás

Sun

et al. 2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Peptidergic mechanisms controlling feeding, metabolism, thermoregulation, and sleep overlap in the hypothalamus. Low ambient temperatures and food restriction induce hypothermic (torpor) bouts and characteristic metabolic and sleep changes in mice. We report that mice lacking the preproghrelin gene, but not those lacking the ghrelin receptor, have impaired abilities to manifest and integrate normal sleep and thermoregulatory responses to metabolic challenges. In response to fasting at 17°C (a subthermoneutral ambient temperature), preproghrelin knockout mice enter hypothermic bouts associated with reduced sleep, culminating in a marked drop in body temperature to near-ambient levels. Prior treatment with obestatin, another preproghrelin gene product, attenuates the hypothermic response of preproghrelin knockout mice. Results suggest that obestatin is a component in the coordinated regulation of metabolism and sleep during torpor.EEG ͉ ghrelin ͉ metabolism ͉ obestatin ͉ torpor N atural shortages of food and low environmental temperature are commonly encountered in the wild. Small rodents tolerate these conditions by exhibiting torpor, a regulated drop in body temperature associated with behavioral hyporesponsiveness. Hormones and neuropeptides, including ghrelin and obestatin, play an integral role in the regulation of metabolism and energy balance (1, 2). Ghrelin promotes positive energy balance by stimulating feeding and suppressing energy expenditure (3). The role of obestatin, a distinct product of the preproghrelin gene, in the regulation of feeding and metabolism is less clear. Several (2, 4-6) but not all (7, 8) studies suggest that obestatin suppresses appetite and enhances energy expenditure.Ghrelin and obestatin may also regulate sleep. Sleep deprivation induces increases in hypothalamic and plasma ghrelin levels (9). In rats, administration of ghrelin facilitates wakefulness (10, 11), whereas injection of obestatin facilitates sleep (12). Wakefulness and feeding may be parallel outputs of a hypothalamic circuitry that involves neuropeptide Y-, orexin-, and ghrelinergic neurons (10, 11, 13). Sleep-wake activity (14) and metabolism (15) of preproghrelin knockout (KO) mice (originally named ghrelin Ϫ/Ϫ mice) are, however, relatively normal if the animals are kept at thermoneutral ambient temperature (30°C Ϯ 1°C) with food provided ad libitum. Under nonstressed conditions, redundant regulatory systems likely compensate for the lack of the preproghrelin gene product(s). We hypothesized that in a negative metabolic state, such as torpor, preproghrelin gene products might be involved in the coordinated regulation of energy sources and vigilance.In the present experiments we studied sleep and thermoregulatory responses to 3 days of cold exposure (17°C) and to the combined challenge of cold environmental temperature and fasting in preproghrelin KO and ghrelin receptor KO mice. We report that the ability to mount normal body temperature and sleep response to a metabolic challenge is greatly impaired in preproghr...

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“…The demonstrated dependance of behavioural and physiological thermoregulatory responsivity upon arousal state in mammals (Glotzbach and Heller 1976;Nicol and Maskrey 1980;Heller et al 1983), and the influence of Ta upon arousal state (Schmidek et al 1972) are also suggestive of conditions which may influence sensitivity to thermal zeitgebers and propensity to respond given Mrosovsky's (1988) proposal that nonphotic zeitgeber effects may be mediated by an influence upon general arousal. Lee et al (1990) have suggested that Ta could be a weak or nonfunctional zeitgeber during the homeothermic phase of the golden-mantled ground squirrel's annual cycle of heterothermy and homeothermy, and more effective during the heterothermic phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ambient temperature cycles entrain the free-running circadian rhythms of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura

Francis

Coleman

1990

J Comp Physiol A

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We examined the effect of cycles of 12 h warm (35+2 ~ and 12 h (21+2 ~ ambient temperature (Ta) upon the circadian activity rhythms of stripe-faced dunnarts, Sminthopsis macroura, free-running in conditions of constant dark (DD) or constant light (LL). It was hypothesized that dunnarts would entrain to the temperature cycles (TaHLs) or show perturbations of period, and that LL would act synergistically with the TaHLs in these effects. Under DD, 2 of 6 animals showed clear entrainment to the TaHLs. Other animals exhibited changes of period (z) and heavy negative masking of activity during the warm fraction of the TaHLs. Under LL, 3 of 12 animals entrained to the TaHLs. It was concluded that Ta is a significant though weak zeitgeber for S. macroura compared to light. It is possible that TaHLs entrain homeotherm activity rhythms by altering the rhythm of body temperature, which is usually tightly coupled to activity.

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Influence of environmental temperature on the sleep-wakefulness cycle in the rat

Cited by 102 publications

References 19 publications

Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement in mice reveals increased susceptibility to sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia

Human apolipoprotein E4 targeted replacement in mice reveals increased susceptibility to sleep disruption and intermittent hypoxia

The preproghrelin gene is required for the normal integration of thermoregulation and sleep in mice

Ambient temperature cycles entrain the free-running circadian rhythms of the stripe-faced dunnart, Sminthopsis macroura

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