Influence of environmental rearing history and postsurgical environmental change on the septal rage syndrome in mice

Goodlett, Charles R.; Engellenner, William J.; Burright, Richard G.; Donovick, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(82)90178-0

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Although it may appear that frc female behaviour has been masculinized, we detected no increase in testosterone in either sex and females become pregnant and have same number of pups as wildtype mice. Thus, the major cause for the aggression in frc mice is most likely the direct effect of the mutation on brain regions known to mediate aggression as demonstrated by septal region lesions in 'rage' mice and rats [14,39].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Young

Berry

Mahaffey

et al. 2002

Behavioural Brain Research

119

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A new spontaneous mouse mutation named fierce (frc) is deleted for the nuclear receptor Nr2e1 gene (also known as Tlx, mouse homolog of Drosophila tailless). The fierce mutation is genetically and phenotypically similar to Nr2e1 targeted mutations previously studied on segregating genetic backgrounds. However, we have characterized the fierce brain, eye, and behavioural phenotypes on three defined genetic backgrounds (C57BL/6J, 129P3/JEms, and B6129F1). The data revealed many novel and background-dependent phenotypic characteristics. Whereas abnormalities in brain development, hypoplasia of cerebrum and olfactory lobes, were consistent on all three backgrounds, our novel finding of enlarged ventricles in 100% and overt hydrocephalus in up to 30% of fierce mice were unique to the C57BL/6J background. Developmental eye abnormalities were also background-dependent with B6129F1-frc mice having less severe thinning of optic layers and less affected electroretinogram responses. Impaired regression of hyaloid vessels was observed in all backgrounds. Furthermore, retinal vessels were deficient in size and number in 129P3/JEms-frc and B6129F1-frc mice but almost entirely absent in C57BL/6J-frc mice. We present the first standardized behavioural tests conducted on Nr2e1 mutant mice and show that C57BL/6J-frc and B6129F1-frc mice have deficits in sensorimotor assays and are hyperaggressive in both sexes and backgrounds. However, C57BL/6J-frc mice were significantly more aggressive than B6129F1-frc mice. Overall, this extensive characterization of the fierce mutation is essential to its application for the study of behavioural, and brain and eye developmental disorders. In addition, the background-dependent differences revealed will enable the identification of important genetic modifiers.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Young

Berry

Mahaffey

et al. 2002

Behavioural Brain Research

119

139

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In rodents, a septal lesion produces a phenomenon known as septal rage, which is characterized by hyperemotionality and aggressiveness by the rodents. Enriched mice have been shown to be less “reactive” than nonenriched mice, and mice living first in an enriched environment and later transferred to the nonenriched environment showed an immediate increase in reactivity . Thus, it appears that enrichment may also modulate the emotionality of some mice.…”

Section: Effects Of Enrichmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental enrichment and mouse models: Current perspectives

Bayne¹

2018

Anim Models and Exp Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The provision of environmental enrichment to numerous species of laboratory animals is generally considered routine husbandry. However, mouse enrichment has proven to be very complex due to the often contradictory outcomes (animal health and welfare, variability in scientific data, etc.) associated with strain, age of the animal when enrichment is provided, gender of the animal, scientific use of the animal, and other housing attributes. While this has led to some suggesting that mice should not be provided enrichment, more recently opinion is trending toward acknowledging that enrichment actually normalizes the animal and data obtained from a mouse living in a barren environment are likely not to be representative or even reliable. This article offers an overview of the types of impact enrichment can have on various strains of mice and demonstrates that enrichment not only has a role in mouse husbandry, but also can lead to new areas of scientific enquiry in a number of different fields. K E Y W O R D Sanimal welfare, environmental enrichment, mouse behavior, research validity | INTRODUCTIONThe laboratory mouse is a ubiquitously used research subject whose genetics, anatomy, physiology, immunology, and behavior have been studied in detail for generations. Thus, it would seem that providing a housing environment that is species-appropriate would be a simple matter. However, it would be a serious mistake to approach mouse enrichment as a one-size-fits-all husbandry procedure. The laboratory mouse is still considered behaviorally similar to wild mice in many dimensions 1(p150) , though it differs somewhat from the wildtype ancestor in its behavior, with running behavior and open-field freezing behavior, and a general higher level of activity more evident in wild-type mice than the laboratory bred animals.2 Over decades of purposeful breeding, a variety of characteristics (eg, ease of handling) were either deliberately or inadvertently introduced into the behavior profile of the laboratory mouse. Today, the increasing trend in the use of transgenic mice has only amplified the diversity of traits being bred for, and thus, the potential exists for both extant and subtle differences in mouse behavior and their response to their environment.The behavioral breadth of the species may help to account for the fact that the literature is replete with contradictory findings and diverse conclusions about the potential benefits and unexpected consequences from providing enrichment to laboratory mice.Indeed, an argument has been made that enriched animals produce different results; enrichment may increase between-subject variability; and enrichment may reduce replicability across laboratories. 3(p47-48) A simple response to these arguments could be that animals should not be provided enrichment. But, a counter-argument has been made that, as expected, the enriched animal model is different in many ways from the animal model living in a barren environment. 3(p47) Indeed, it is not logical to accept the notion that --

show abstract

“…Enriched mice were less "reactive" than nonenriched mice, and mice living first in an enriched environment and later transferred to the nonenriched environment showed an immediate increase in reactivity (Goodlett et al 1982). In addition, the amount of exposure to enrichment may not need to be very long to be effective.…”

Section: Physical Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential for Unintended Consequences of Environmental Enrihment for Laboratory Animals and Research Results

Bayne¹

2005

ILAR Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many aspects of the research animal's housing environment are controlled for quality and/or standardization. Of recent interest is the potential for environmental enrichment to have unexpected consequences such as unintended harm to the animal, or the introduction of variability into a study that may confound the experimental data. The effects of enrichment provided to nonhuman primates, rodents, and rabbits are described to illustrate that the effects can be numerous and may vary by strain and/or species. Examples of parameters measured where no change is detected are also included because this information provides an important counterpoint to studies that demonstrate an effect. In addition, this review of effects and noneffects serves as a reminder that the provision of enrichment should be evaluated in the context of the health of the animal and research goals on a case-by-case basis. It should also be kept in mind that the effects produced by enrichment are similar to those of other components of the animal's environment. Although it is unlikely that every possible environmental variable can be controlled both within and among research institutions, more detailed disclosure of the living environment of the subject animals in publications will allow for a better comparison of the findings and contribute to the broader knowledge base of the effects of enrichment.

show abstract

Influence of environmental rearing history and postsurgical environmental change on the septal rage syndrome in mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 23 publications

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Fierce: a new mouse deletion of Nr2e1; violent behaviour and ocular abnormalities are background-dependent

Environmental enrichment and mouse models: Current perspectives

Potential for Unintended Consequences of Environmental Enrihment for Laboratory Animals and Research Results

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About