Influence of Environmental Gradients on the Abundance and Distribution of
            <i>Mycobacterium</i>
            spp. in a Coastal Lagoon Estuary

Jacobs, John M.; Rhodes, Matt; Sturgis, Brian; Wood, Bob

doi:10.1128/aem.01900-09

Cited by 53 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(59 reference statements)

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“…This seems to be the first case of a well-represented mycobacterial genome in an aquatic environment. There are mycobacterial isolates from marine waters (97,98), but they are not significantly represented in marine metagenomes. Actually, this genome was among those that recruited only from the Caspian metagenomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Reconstruction from Metagenomic Data Sets Reveals Novel Microbes in the Brackish Waters of the Caspian Sea

Mehrshad

Amoozegar

Ghai

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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We present here the findings from a study of the microbiome of the southern basin of the Caspian Sea, the largest water body on Earth disconnected from any ocean and a brackish inland sea. By high-throughput metagenomics, we were able to reconstruct the genomes of representative microbes. The gross community structure (at the phylum level) was different from the structure of typical marine and freshwater communities in temperate open oceans, with the Caspian Sea having freshwater-like amounts of Actinobacteria and Alphaproteobacteria, while Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria were present at intermediate levels. We assembled the genomes of several groups and provide detailed descriptions of partial genomes from Actinobacteria, Thaumarchaea, and Alphaproteobacteria. Most belonged to hitherto unknown groups, although they were related to either marine or freshwater groups. The phylogenetic placement of the Caspian genomes indicates that the organisms have multiple and separate phylogenetic origins and that they are related to organisms with both freshwater and marine lineages. Comparative recruitment from global aquatic metagenomes indicated that most Caspian microbes are endemic. However, some Caspian genomes were recruited significantly from either marine water (a member of the Alphaproteobacteria) or freshwater (a member of the Actinobacteria). Reciprocally, some genomes of other origins, such as the marine thaumarchaeon " Candidatus Nitrosopelagicus" or the actinobacterium "Candidatus Actinomarina," were recruited from the Caspian Sea, indicating some degree of overlap with the microbiota of other water bodies. Some of these microbes seem to have a remarkably widespread geographic and environmental distribution.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome Reconstruction from Metagenomic Data Sets Reveals Novel Microbes in the Brackish Waters of the Caspian Sea

Mehrshad

Amoozegar

Ghai

et al. 2016

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The propagation of M. chelonae along the network may involve its particular ability to form biofilms (39,41) and/or to resist chlorination (42). Various environmental factors influencing overall RGM presence have been described (65). We are currently studying physicochemical variables that may influence RGM species composition dynamics, and, more specifically, the adaptive success of M. chelonae, in this water distribution network.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Dubrou¹,

Konjek

Macheras

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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e Nonpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) have been reported to commonly colonize water production and distribution systems. However, there is little information about the nature and distribution of RGM species within the different parts of such complex networks or about their clustering into specific RGM species communities. We conducted a large-scale survey between 2007 and 2009 in the Parisian urban tap water production and distribution system. We analyzed 1,418 water samples from 36 sites, covering all production units, water storage tanks, and distribution units; RGM isolates were identified by using rpoB gene sequencing. We detected 18 RGM species and putative new species, with most isolates being Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium llatzerense. Using hierarchical clustering and principal-component analysis, we found that RGM were organized into various communities correlating with water origin (groundwater or surface water) and location within the distribution network. Water treatment plants were more specifically associated with species of the Mycobacterium septicum group. On average, M. chelonae dominated network sites fed by surface water, and M. llatzerense dominated those fed by groundwater. Overall, the M. chelonae prevalence index increased along the distribution network and was associated with a correlative decrease in the prevalence index of M. llatzerense, suggesting competitive or niche exclusion between these two dominant species. Our data describe the great diversity and complexity of RGM species living in the interconnected environments that constitute the water production and distribution system of a large city and highlight the prevalence index of the potentially pathogenic species M. chelonae in the distribution network. N onpigmented and late-pigmenting rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) are ubiquitous in soil and water environments (1-6). Most are harmless saprophytes, but some, such as Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobacterium abscessus, are opportunistic pathogens that are causing increasing concern (7-9). Potentially pathogenic RGM are associated with a wide spectrum of diseases in humans, including pulmonary tract, skin, soft tissue, and disseminated infections (10-14), mostly in patients with predisposing conditions (e.g., lung diseases, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, genetic predisposition, or immunosuppressive therapy). Contamination and hypersensitive reactions are often due to environmental exposure (associated with, for example, hot tubs, metalworking fluids, or contaminated dust) (15-19), and many outbreaks following invasive medical procedures have been reported over the last decade (20-25). Tap water may be an important source of contamination in urban environments (13,18,(26)(27)(28)(29)(30).RGM are commonly recovered from water treatment and distribution systems (31-38), probably because they can form biofilms (2, 39-41) and resist chlorination and oligotrophic conditions (42,43). Mycobacterium chelonae and Mycobact...

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“…A novel study into the diversity of mycobacteria with regard to the physical and chemical characteristics of the water in a coastal lagoon was performed by Jacobs et al (2009). The abundance of mycobacteria was high; their presence was detected in 96% of the stations sampled.…”

Section: Mycobacteria In Watermentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

Hruška¹,

Kaevska²

2012

Vet. Med.

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Amazingly, despite the 24 143 papers on mycobacteria, indexed in the Web of Science database during the last six years, published by 67 008 authors from 13 128 organizations located in 166 countries or territories, internationally accepted legal directives on how to control the public health risk associated with environmental mycobacteria have yet to be developed. Mycobacteria are human and animal pathogens, causing not only tuberculosis and leprosy, but mycobacterioses of skin, soft tissues and lung. Due to their cell wall composition and their adaptability mycobacteria can survive in different habitats for years. Their immunomodulatory ability has been recognised for more than 50 years and hundreds of papers published during the last two decades have demonstrated that small chemical products derived from mycobacterial cells participate in inflammatory pathways involved the pathogenesis of important human diseases like Crohn's disease, asthma, type 1 diabetes mellitus, psoriasis, arthrosis, Blau syndrom, sarcoidosis, autism etc. Mycobacteria can influence inflammatory pathways not only as live organisms, but also by means of components derived from dead cells. Pasteurisation or cooking does not affect this ability. Hence, how many mycobacterial cells are ingested, what factors play a role concurrently, and how long the harmful effect persists become important questions. This paper presents only a short review based on selected papers about mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air with the aim of attracting attention to this significant global problem and of making the first steps towards protection of people. Selected bibliographic references of published data from 2007 to 2012 are presented in easy-to-navigate tables.Keywords: Mycobacterium; water; soil; plant; vegetables; air; biofilm; sediment; determination; zoonoses; food safety List of abbreviations CFU = colony forming units; DGGE = denaturation gradient gel electrophoresis; IMS = immuno-magnetic separation; IS = insertion sequence; ITS = intergenic transcribed spacer; MAC = Mycobacterium avium complex; MAP/Map = Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis; MTC = Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; MWF = metal working fluids; nPCR = nested PCR; NTM = non-tuberculous mycobacteria; PCR = polymerase chain reaction; PPM = potentially pathogenic mycobacteria; qPCR = quantitative real time PCR; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism

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Influence of Environmental Gradients on the Abundance and Distribution of Mycobacterium spp. in a Coastal Lagoon Estuary

Cited by 53 publications

References 41 publications

Genome Reconstruction from Metagenomic Data Sets Reveals Novel Microbes in the Brackish Waters of the Caspian Sea

Genome Reconstruction from Metagenomic Data Sets Reveals Novel Microbes in the Brackish Waters of the Caspian Sea

Diversity, Community Composition, and Dynamics of Nonpigmented and Late-Pigmenting Rapidly Growing Mycobacteria in an Urban Tap Water Production and Distribution System

Mycobacteria in water, soil, plants and air: a review

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