Influence of environmental and nutritional stressors on yolk sac utilization, development of chicken gastrointestinal system and its immune status

Mikec, Milivoj; Biđin, Zdenko; Valentić, Ante; Savić, Vladimir; Zelenika, Tajana Amšel; Raguž-Đurić, Radmila; Novak, Irena Lukač; Balenović, Mirta

doi:10.1079/wps200582

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…It was suggested by Sklan and Noy (2003) that chicks might have high protein requirements post-hatching for specific tissues development such as the small intestine (Sklan, 2001). Previous studies (e.g., Mikec et al, 2006;Abed et al, 2011;Sarıca et al, 2014) demonstrated that birds deprived of feed post-hatch had lower intestinal weight and length in comparison to those fed typical maize-soybean meal diet. The highest weight and length of the small intestine in the fasted group at day 28 of age in the current study was rather unexpected.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of early feeding with different diet composition on performance and intestinal morphology of layer-type chicks during the brooding period

Abou-Elnaga¹,

Selim²

2018

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of early feeding with different diet composition on performance and intestinal morphology of layer-type chicks during the brooding period

Abou-Elnaga¹,

Selim²

2018

J. Anim. Feed Sci.

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“…A proper thermal environment after hatch seems to be important for chickens to use nutrients for development in the posthatch period ( Scott and Washburn, 1985 ). Brooding temperatures of approximately 32°C resulted in higher body weight gain than cool brooding temperatures (approximately 26°C; Mikec et al., 2006 , Van der Pol et al., 2013 ). Effects of brooding temperature in the first week after hatch on particular residual yolk weight or utilization are limited.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Residual Yolk Weight At Hatchmentioning

confidence: 95%

A review on yolk sac utilization in poultry

et al. 2020

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During incubation, embryonic growth and development are dependent on nutrients deposited in the egg. The content of the yolk can be transferred to the embryo in 2 ways: directly into the intestine via the yolk stalk or through the highly vascularized yolk sac membrane. It has been suggested that, as a result of genetic selection and improved management, the increase in posthatch growth rate and concurrently the increase in metabolic rate of broiler chickens during the last 50 yr has also increased embryonic metabolism. A higher metabolic rate during incubation would imply a lower residual yolk weight and possibly lower energy reserve for the hatchling. This might affect posthatch development and performance. This review examined scientific publications published between 1930 and 2018 to compare residual yolk weight at hatch, metabolic heat production, and yolk utilization throughout incubation. This review aimed to investigate 1) whether or not residual yolk weight and composition has been changed during the 88-yr period considered and 2) which abiotic and biotic factors affect yolk utilization in poultry during incubation and the early posthatch period. It can be concluded that 1) residual yolk weight and the total solid amount of the residual yolk at hatch seem to be decreased in the recent decades. It cannot be concluded whether the (lack of) differences between old and modern strains are due to genetic selection, changed management and incubation conditions, or moment of sampling (immediately after hatch or at pulling). It is remarkable that with the genetic progress and improved management and incubation conditions over the last 88 yr, effects on yolk utilization efficiency and embryonic metabolic heat production are limited; 2) factors specially affecting residual yolk weight at hatch include egg size and incubation temperature, whereas breeder age has more influence on nutrient composition of the residual yolk.

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“…Residual yolk sac comprises approximately 14% of the chick's body weight at the time of hatching (Mikec et al, 2006). A large amount of residual yolk sac present at hatch indicates that this energy source was underutilized during incubation and that the chick is less developed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Eggshell Temperatures Between Embryonic Day 10 and 18 on Broiler Performance and Susceptibility to Ascites

İpek

Şahan

Sözcü

2015

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The aim of the current study was to determine the effects of low (33.3-36.7 ˚C), control (37.8-38.2 ˚C) and high (38.9-40.0 ˚C) eggshell temperatures (ESTs) between days 10-18 of incubation on broiler performance and susceptibility to ascites. The effects of different ESTs on hatchling weight were significant. The highest residual yolk sac weight (7.7 g) and relative yolk sac weight (18.7%) were observed in high EST group, whereas the highest yolk-free body weight (36.22 g) was obtained in the control group. Relative post-hatch heart weight was lower in the high EST group (0.64%) compared with the control (0.84%) and low (0.88%) EST groups. At 6 weeks of age, body weights of broilers of the low, control, and high EST groups were 2172.6, 2543.9, 2282.6 g respectively. During the 6-week life span, the feed conversion ratio of broilers in the low (1.86) and high (1.83) EST groups was significantly worse than of those in the control EST group (1.68). Higher packed cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) values were obtained in the high EST group relative to the other groups, whereas hemoglobin (Hb) level was lower in the control group than in the others. The relative heart weights and right ventricular to total ventricular (RV:TV) ratio for low, control, and high EST group were 0.46, 0.40, 0.37 g and 0.27, 0.28, 0.33% respectively. In conclusion, incubation length, yolk sac absorption, residual yolk sac weight, yolk-free BW, post-hatch performance, and heart, blood parameters, abdominal fluid accumulation at slaughter age are affected by changes in EST between incubation days 10 to 18.

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Influence of environmental and nutritional stressors on yolk sac utilization, development of chicken gastrointestinal system and its immune status

Cited by 24 publications

References 14 publications

Influence of early feeding with different diet composition on performance and intestinal morphology of layer-type chicks during the brooding period

Influence of early feeding with different diet composition on performance and intestinal morphology of layer-type chicks during the brooding period

A review on yolk sac utilization in poultry

The Effects of Different Eggshell Temperatures Between Embryonic Day 10 and 18 on Broiler Performance and Susceptibility to Ascites

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