Influence of environment on walleye pollock eggs, larvae, and juveniles in the southeastern Bering Sea

Smart, Tracey I.; Duffy‐Anderson, Janet T.; Horne, John K.; Farley, Edward V.; Wilson, Christopher D.; Napp, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2012.02.018

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…The degree of exposure of a species to natural (non-anthropogenic), diurnally or seasonally elevated CO 2 levels has been suggested as a potential factor in determining species' relative sensitivity to future ocean acidification conditions (Denman et al 2011, Munday et al 2011a. In late winter, walleye pollock spawn at depth (usually > 50 m) and eggs drift at depth (~200 m in the Gulf of Alaska, Brodeur & Wilson 1996) or rise to the surface (Smart et al 2012). Juveniles are pelagic, inhabiting surface and sub-surface waters over the continental shelf as well as shallow coastal waters (Brodeur & Wilson 1996).…”

Section: Abstract: Ocean Acidification · Hypercapnia · Growth Rate ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification

Hurst¹,

Fernandez²,

Mathis³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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Section: Abstract: Ocean Acidification · Hypercapnia · Growth Rate ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification

Hurst¹,

Fernandez²,

Mathis³

et al. 2012

Aquat. Biol.

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“…Therefore, in warm years, a larger area of thermally-suitable habitat is available to pollock over the continental shelf, particularly over the middle shelf. Smart et al (2012) identified temperature in spring and summer as a leading environmental factor influencing stage-specific densities of pollock early life stages (ELS) in the southeastern Bering Sea (SEBS). Lower than average temperature years have high densities of eggs and newly hatched yolksac larvae, regardless of the size of the adult spawning population.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One hypothesis to explain the oscillation between early and developed stages is high egg production under cold conditions. Spawning stock biomass in recent cold years has been low, while egg densities have been high , Smart et al 2012). An alternate hypothesis is that the oscillation between early and late stages results from shifts in spawning and development phenology.…”

Section: Resale or Republication Not Permitted Without Written Consenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alternating temperature states influence walleye pollock early life stages in the southeastern Bering Sea

Smart

Duffy‐Anderson²,

Horne³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Water temperatures in the southeastern Bering Sea influence the density of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma early life stages, potentially influencing spatial distributions and the phenology of reproduction and development. We quantified stage-specific changes in spatial and temporal distributions under cold-and warm-water conditions using generalized additive models. Analyses showed that walleye pollock egg and yolksac larval spatial distributions are unaffected by temperature, suggesting that spawning locations are stable. Preflexion larvae, late larvae, and juveniles shift onto the shelf under warm conditions, similar to spatial shifts observed in distributions of sub-adults and adults. Temporal distributions were used to address the hypothesis that timing of the density peak at each stage is delayed under cold conditions. Differences in the timing of density peaks supported the hypothesis that the timing of spawning, hatching, larval development, and juvenile transition are temperature-dependent. The current analysis represents the best support available for the importance of temperature to walleye pollock in determining early life stage development and population trends in the eastern Bering Sea. Our data indicate that future changes in water temperatures could influence the early life stages of an ecologically dominant member of the Bering Sea community by changing phenology and habitat use in the first several months of life.KEY WORDS: Theragra chalcogramma · Temperature · Distribution · Phenology · Bering Sea Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherMar Ecol Prog Ser 455: [257][258][259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267] 2012 temperature during the pollock post-spawning feeding season (Kotwicki et al. 2005). Biomass increased with summer temperatures and the feeding migration progressed farther north and inshore (east) from spawning grounds as temperature increased. Kotwicki et al. (2005) hypothesized that warmer water temperatures advance the post-spawning feeding migration by advancing the timing of spawning. They did not address the alternate hypothesis that spawning distribution changes in response to temperature conditions.Colder than average years are characterized by late sea-ice retreat from the shelf in the spring, water column temperatures < 2°C over the shelf during spring and summer, and abundant large-bodied zooplankton . Warmer than average years are characterized by early ice retreat, continental shelf water temperatures > 2°C during spring and summer, and smallbodied zooplankton. Sea-ice conditions also determine the extent and location of a pool of cold bottom water in the summer over the middle shelf (50 to 100 m depth, Stabeno et al. 2012a). Pollock distributions generally are restricted to areas > 2°C, such as those found outside the cold pool (Wyllie-Echeverria & Wooster 1998). Therefore, in warm years, a larger area of thermally-suitable habitat is available to pollock over the continental shelf, particularly over the midd...

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“…Eyes is not functioning as well as the mouth and anus. According to Smart et al (2012) the study of fish eggs and larvae are very effective to determine the relative change in the spawning biomass of fish. Although one spawning fish is able to generate thousands or even millions of eggs, but not all eggs were hatched and developed.…”

Section: S T a T I O Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara

Jatmiko¹,

Rochman²,

Arnenda³

2018

Indo. J. Mar. Sci.

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Influence of environment on walleye pollock eggs, larvae, and juveniles in the southeastern Bering Sea

Cited by 32 publications

References 40 publications

Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification

Resiliency of juvenile walleye pollock to projected levels of ocean acidification

Alternating temperature states influence walleye pollock early life stages in the southeastern Bering Sea

Distribution and Abundance of Fish Larvae in South of Alas Strait, West Nusa Tenggara

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