“…As expected, higher forming limits were obtained in the tests with axial feed. Further studies have been carried out by the authors [11] to compare the forming limits of aluminum extrusion tubes obtained from "free-end", "pinched-end" and "forced-end" experiments. It was found that "free-end" experiments give the lowest forming limits followed by "pinched-end" and "forced-end" hydroforming.…”
“…As expected, higher forming limits were obtained in the tests with axial feed. Further studies have been carried out by the authors [11] to compare the forming limits of aluminum extrusion tubes obtained from "free-end", "pinched-end" and "forced-end" experiments. It was found that "free-end" experiments give the lowest forming limits followed by "pinched-end" and "forced-end" hydroforming.…”
“…Explicit finite element codes were proved to have much better capabilities to handle such kind of nonlinear behavior exhibited by the metal forming process and provide a better understanding of the plastic deformation mechanism over implicit finite element analysis [7][8]. Similar to other forming processes, development of forming limit diagrams (FLD) [9] enabled designers and manufacturers to determine process limitations and to estimate the forming characteristics of the tube as an essential task in tube hydroforming. The obtained FLDs can be used to optimize the hydroforming tool geometries and also to develop criterion for material failure.…”
Section: Fig 1 Exhaust Parts Produced By Hydroforming [6]mentioning
Abstract:In this paper the authors shows hydroforming of tubular parts. Also it presents the technology of the hydroforming of the tubular parts. It is presented some experimental research compared with the prediction of the numerical simulation of this process. There are presented also the mechanical parameters of the material which are used in the field of the deforming process.
“…1(b)). Earlier studies by the authors [9,10] revealed that using material parameters (in power-law model) obtained from simple tensile tests of curved specimen [ASTM-B557M] would yield a better estimation of the bulge height vs. internal pressure during free-end and pinched-end hydroforming of aluminum extrusions compared to flat tensile specimen [ASTM-B557] data. Tensile test data on the curved specimen (cut from tube cross section) were curve fit to the power law model ð sZ K 3 n Þ and yielded a K-value of 265.2 MPa and n-value of 0.166 [9].…”
Section: Loading Path Optimization Of Closed-diementioning
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