Influence of Elevation of Origin, Rate of Ascent and a Physical Conditioning Program on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness

Hansen, James E.; Harris, Craig; Evans, Wayne Ο.

doi:10.1093/milmed/132.8.585

Cited by 48 publications

(24 citation statements)

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“…Above mean values used by Krammar et al (1983) there is indeed a positive association between altitude and symptoms of AMS (Nicolas et al, 1999). Considering that both altitude and the pace of ascent are associated with the presence of AMS and neuropsychological impairment (Hansen et al, 1967;Shukitt and Banderet, 1988), a priori or a posteriori controls should be made of the symptoms of AMS in order to determine which effects are the result of a normal adaptation to altitude and which correspond to this disorder. Studies made about high rates of ascent have found that the pattern of effects may differ whether the subject develops AMS or not.…”

Section: Acute Mountain Sickness: Sufficient But Not Necessary Conditmentioning

confidence: 93%

Neuropsychological Functioning Associated with High-Altitude Exposure

et al. 2004

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This article focuses on neuropsychological functioning at moderate, high, and extreme altitude. This article summarizes the available literature on respiratory, circulatory, and brain determinants on adaptation to hypoxia that are hypothesized to be responsible for neuropsychological impairment due to altitude. Effects on sleep are also described. At central level, periventricular focal damages (leuko-araiosis) and cortical atrophy have been observed. Frontal lobe and middle temporal lobe alterations are also presumed. A review is provided regarding the effects on psychomotor performance, perception, learning, memory, language, cognitive flexibility, and metamemory. Increase of reaction time and latency of P300 are observed. Reduced thresholds of tact, smell, pain, and taste, together with somesthetic illusions and visual hallucinations have been reported. Impairment in codification and short-term memory are especially noticeable above 6,000 m. Alterations in accuracy and motor speed are identified at lower altitudes. Deficits in verbal fluency, language production, cognitive fluency, and metamemory are also detected. The moderating effects of personality variables over the above-mentioned processes are discussed. Finally, methodological flaws found in the literature are detailed and some applied proposals are suggested.

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Section: Acute Mountain Sickness: Sufficient But Not Necessary Conditmentioning

confidence: 93%

Neuropsychological Functioning Associated with High-Altitude Exposure

et al. 2004

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“…A 1965 field study conducted by the US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM) attempted to document and quantify reactions to extended exposures to high terrestrial altitude and symptoms of acute mountain sickness (AMS) (19).…”

Section: Evolution Of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnairementioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ): Development and Application

Sampson¹,

Kobrick²,

Johnson³

1993

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“…The incidence and severity of AMS is primarily related to the initial altitude, the rate of ascent, the altitude reached, and the duration of exposure to altitude (Hackett and Rennie, 1976;Powles and Sutton, 1983;Maggiorini et al, 1990;Honigman et al, 1993;Schneider et al, 2002). Additional factors that affect the incidence and severity of AMS are the degree of hypoxemia (Hackett et al, 1982;Moore et al, 1986;Beidleman et al, 2004;Burtscher et al, 2004), level of physical exertion performed (Fulco et al, 1994;Roach et al, 2000), individual susceptibility (Singh et al, 1969;Robinson et al, 1971), and degree of prior altitude acclimatization (Hansen et al, 1967;Lyons et al, 1995). Symptoms of AMS typically become evident in the first few hours of altitude exposure and reach peak severity in the first 24 to 48 h of altitude exposure .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of a Shortened Electronic Version of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire

Beidleman

Muza

Fulco

et al. 2007

High Altitude Medicine & Biology

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The purpose of this study was to validate a shortened (11-item) electronic version of the 67-item paper and pencil Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ-III) to assess acute mountain sickness (AMS). Thirty-three volunteers (means +/- SE; 28 +/- 1 yr; 74 +/- 2 kg) were given both the paper and pencil and electronic versions of the ESQ (IPAQ 5550, Hewlett Packard, Palo Alto, CA) to complete one after the other at residence altitude (RA) and after 24-h (PP24), 48-h (PP48), and 72-h (PP72) exposure to 4300 m on the summit of Pikes Peak (PP). The AMS-Cerebral (AMS-C) weighted factor score was calculated from responses to the same 11 items for each version of the ESQ. If AMS-C was >or=0.7, then the individual was classified as having AMS. There were no differences in the AMS-C scores between the paper and pencil and electronic versions of the ESQ at RA (0.05 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.05 +/- 0.02), PP24 (0.76 +/- 0.16 vs. 0.74 +/- 0.15), PP48 (0.61 +/- 0.15 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.14), and PP72 (0.34 +/- 0.09 vs. 0.34 +/- 0.09). There were no differences in the incidence of AMS between the paper and pencil and electronic versions of the ESQ at RA (0% vs. 0%), PP24 (33% vs. 36%), PP48 (27% vs. 27%), and PP72 (21% vs. 21%). The relationships between AMS-C calculated from the two versions of the ESQ at RA (r = 0.43; p = 0.01), PP24 (r = 0.92; p = 0.0001), PP48 (r = 0.82; p = 0.0005), and PP72 (r = 0.95; p = 0.0001) were significant. The relationships between the incidence of AMS calculated from the two version of the ESQ at RA (k = 0.90; p = 0.01), PP24 (k = 0.90; p = 0.01), PP48 (k = 0.91; p = 0.01), and PP72 (k = 0.92; p = 0.01) were significant. Our findings suggest that the shortened electronic version can be substituted for the paper and pencil version of the ESQ to assess AMS.

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Influence of Elevation of Origin, Rate of Ascent and a Physical Conditioning Program on Symptoms of Acute Mountain Sickness

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Neuropsychological Functioning Associated with High-Altitude Exposure

Neuropsychological Functioning Associated with High-Altitude Exposure

The Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire (ESQ): Development and Application

Validation of a Shortened Electronic Version of the Environmental Symptoms Questionnaire

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