Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials

Vohra, Fahim; Andejani, Abdulelah F.; Alamri, O.; Alshehri, Abdullah; Al-Hamdan, Rana S; Almohareb, Thamer; Abduljabbar, Tariq

doi:10.12669/pjms.36.5.2303

Cited by 9 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Some of these devices are more essential, being made of standard test tubes 17) eventually connected to standard vacuum cleaners 30) . Other systems are more sophisticated, using one or more chambers made of glass 26,32) or acrylic 13,14) . In some cases, different pumps, provided of flowmeters to keep the flow constant 32) , are used to create negative and positive pressure in the chamber, reproducing the inflow and the outflow of smoke 32) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other systems are more sophisticated, using one or more chambers made of glass 26,32) or acrylic 13,14) . In some cases, different pumps, provided of flowmeters to keep the flow constant 32) , are used to create negative and positive pressure in the chamber, reproducing the inflow and the outflow of smoke 32) . Beside these custom-made apparatus, one more advanced exposure system is available, the Vitrocell System.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All MRTP presented significantly less color change with respect to CS. The discoloring potential of EVP aerosol is attributed to the release of pigments, metal ions, and particles coming from the heating of the liquid 32) . EVP liquids are yellow-brown, and their aerosol contains nicotine that turns yellow after oxidation 38) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In vitro</i> procedures for color stability evaluation of dental resin-based composites exposed to smoke: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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The objective of this study was to review the experimental in vitro procedures employed to assess the color stability of resin-based composites exposed to smoke. A literature search was performed on four databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science). The quality of the included papers was assessed with the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (RoB 2). In total, 25 studies were selected for full-text reading, from which 12 were included in the review. The assessed variables were: dimensions, shape, time before exposure, finishing, smoke-type, exposure time, brushing simulation, color, measuring system, repolishing. A disk-shaped specimen was used in most studies (n=10) with a 2 mm thickness (n=7) in custom made devices equipped with vacuum pumps or in Vitrocell systems. Spectrophotometers were the most used devices (n=11). Color differences were quantified with ΔE (n=12), ΔE00 (n=1). The large variety of staining procedures suggests the need for standardization.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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<i>In vitro</i> procedures for color stability evaluation of dental resin-based composites exposed to smoke: A scoping review

et al. 2022

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“…With regard to E-cigarettes, Vohra et al (2020) found evidence that E-cigarette aerosol exposure caused an increase in the staining F I G U R E 3 Forest plot for subgroup analysis of discoloration of resin composite from exposure to cigarette smoke/extract and E-cigarette aerosol compared with a nonexposure control. CI, confidence interval; E-cigarette, electronic cigarette; SD, standard deviation.…”

Section: Effect On Dental Ceramicmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Four studies assessed the effect of E-cigarettes in comparison to cigarette smoke on dental staining (Dalrymple et al, 2018(Dalrymple et al, , 2021Vohra et al, 2020;Zhao et al, 2019). Data were pooled from these, and evidence found that E-cigarettes when compared with cigarette smoke cause less dental staining (MD: −9.137; 95% CI: −14.15, −4.58; I 2 : 99%; Figure 4).…”

Section: E-cigarette and Cigarette Smokementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Karanjkar

Preshaw

Ellis

et al. 2022

Clinical & Exp Dental Res

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Introduction: Dental staining is a common concern for tobacco users. However, little is known about which components of tobacco are responsible for the staining and whether nicotine may be implicated. This is of increasing relevance with the popularity of novel products such as heated-tobacco products and electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes).Objectives: This systematic review aimed to establish the evidence base for the effect if any, of the various tobacco and nicotine products in causing staining of dental hard tissues and materials.Material and Methods: This systematic review was performed in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. There were four structured population intervention comparison outcomesquestions.A search was conducted up to December 2021 in three databases: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science, and manual searching of relevant sources was also completed. Two researchers individually reviewed the titles then abstracts and finally full articles. A reporting quality appraisal was conducted appropriately to the study methodology.Results: Of the 815 records titles identified, 56 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, of which 27 were included for analysis. The included studies were mainly laboratory studies of varying reporting quality. There was evidence from 18 studies that tobacco exposure caused staining of dental hard tissues (pooled results from three studies-enamel/dentine; mean difference [MD]: 16.22; 95% confidence interval [12.11, 20.32; I 2 : 96%)and materials (pooled result from four studies-resin composite; MD: 11.90; 95% CI: 11.47, 12.34; I 2 : 100%). There was limited evidence that E-cigarettes 99%) and heated tobacco products (HTPs; pooled results from three studies-−1.07, 6.54; I 2 : 99%) cause staining, but this was lower than with traditional tobacco/found 11 compounds, of which 8 were terpenoids, from tobacco products implicated in causing staining. Finally, there was some evidence that resin composites stained more than other materials.

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Smoke and mirrors – does smoking cause discolouration of composite restorations?

Abdulla,

Cowan

2023

Evid Based Dent

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Data sources Searches were carried out across PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science for studies published until 28th March 2022. Study selection In vitro studies assessing colour stability of resin-based composites (RBCs) exposed to conventional cigarette smoke (CS), tobacco heating systems (THS) or electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) were considered. Included studies used a spectrophotometer or colorimeter for assessment of discolouration and measured discolouration using CIELAB or CIEDE2000 colour difference formulas. Literature not published in English was excluded. Data extraction and synthesis Data was extracted from thirteen studies which met the inclusion criteria. A data collection form was used to collate the extracted information on sample shape, sample diameter, sample thickness, time elapsed before smoke exposure, smoke exposure protocol, colour measurement device, sample finishing method, brushing simulation and whether exposure was to CS, THS or ENDS. Results All 13 included studies analysed CS, four studies analysed ENDS and two studies analysed THS. A high level of variability was identified between the studies in relation to smoke exposure protocol. CS caused the highest level of discolouration of RBCs. Conclusions This systematic review of in vitro studies found CS caused irreversible RBC discolouration. ENDS and THS caused less colour change, which could be reversed with repolishing or bleaching procedures, although evidence was limited. Further research is required to consider the long-term effect of CS, ENDS and THS on discolouration of RBCs.

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Influence of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) in comparison to conventional cigarette on color stability of dental restorative materials

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

<i>In vitro</i> procedures for color stability evaluation of dental resin-based composites exposed to smoke: A scoping review

<i>In vitro</i> procedures for color stability evaluation of dental resin-based composites exposed to smoke: A scoping review

Effect of tobacco and nicotine in causing staining of dental hard tissues and dental materials: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Smoke and mirrors – does smoking cause discolouration of composite restorations?

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