Influence of electrolytes/non-electrolytes on the cloud point phenomenon of the aqueous promethazine hydrochloride drug solution

Alam, Md. Sayem; Naqvi, Andleeb Z.; Kabir-ud-Din, †

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2006.10.021

Cited by 44 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The efficiency of such co-ions to impact the micellization is accounted for by their ability to interact with the micellar aggregates. The hydrated radii of fluoride and bromide anions are 3.52 and 3.30 Å, respectively, in aqueous solution . The effect of co-ions on the CP of AMT at pH 6.7 up to 10 wt % EtOH–WR mixed media follows the order Br – > Cl – > F – .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The hydrated radii of fluoride and bromide anions are 3.52 and 3.30 Å, respectively, in aqueous solution. 38 The effect of co-ions on the CP of AMT at pH 6.7 up to 10 wt % EtOH−WR mixed media follows the order Br − > Cl − > F − . Strong binding of Br − ions with positively charged AMT micelles can effectively decrease the electrostatic repulsion between the micellar headgroups facilitating the growth of micelles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The effect of pH on the clouding of drugs in an aqueous medium has been reported in earlier studies. 25,38,41,42 An increase in CP is observed with the increase in the concentration (wt %) of EtOH due to augmented repulsive interactions between AMT headgroups. The effect of pH on the CP of AMT (with or without KCl salt) in 15 wt % EtOH−WR composition can be seen from the plots shown in Figure 6a,b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Phase Separation of Amphiphilic Drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the Presence of Additives: Role of Ethanol

Gurung

Pulikkal

2018

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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In this work, the effect of ethanol (EtOH) at different weight percentages (wt %) (0, 5, 10, and 15% w/w) is accounted for in the clouding phenomena of the AMT drug with/without additives (inorganic salts and conventional and gemini surfactants). The critical micelle concentration (cmc) and degree of counterions dissociation (α) of AMT solution at 30 °C in SP buffer (pH 6.7), studied through conductometric studies, are found to be enhanced with the increase in ethanol content due to the reduction in the dielectric constant of mixed media. A dye solubilization study performed under identical physicochemical conditions exhibited supporting results. Clouding could not be observed in 20 wt % EtOH−WR mixed media at pH 6.7. The effects of additives on the CP in 15 wt % EtOH−WR at a pH of 6.95 were also studied. Furthermore, the effect of pH (range 6.7 to 7.15) on the CP in the presence of KCl at the same composition of the mixed media reduce the clouding temperature due to the deprotonation of AMT headgroups. For up to 10 wt % EtOH−WR mixed media, the effect of anionic and cationic co-ions on the CP is found to follow the order Br − > Cl − > F − and NH 4 + > Li + > Na + > K + , respectively. When surfactants were used as additives, the hydrophobicity was found to be responsible for higher CP values and follow the order TTAB < CTAB < 14-m-14, where m is the length of the spacer.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phase Separation of Amphiphilic Drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the Presence of Additives: Role of Ethanol

Gurung

Pulikkal

2018

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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“…[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] It was observed that their CP can vary with additives. [62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75] The thermodynamic parameters of some amphiphilic drugs in presence of additives were evaluated. [76][77][78][79][80][81][82] The solution behavior of the nonionic surfactants below and above the CP is quite different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Cloud Point of the Capping Agent (Nonionic Surfactant, Triton X-100) on the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Alam

Siddiq

Balamurugan

et al. 2015

Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology

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The solution behavior of the nonionic surfactants below and above the cloud point (CP) is quite different. At below CP, a single phase of molecular or micellar solution exists, whereas above the CP, the solution separates into two phases: the first one is denser and smaller phase contains most of the surfactant and the other one is relatively voluminous aqueous phase has surfactant concentration close to the critical micelle concentration (cmc). There are many reports are available where nonionic surfactant used as capping agent. But, to the best of our knowledge, there is no report on the CP's role on the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). Therefore, it is very important to understand role of the CP on the synthesis of NPs. In the present work, we report the role of clouding of nonionic surfactant, Triton X-100 (using as capping agent) on the synthesis of AgNPs below and above the CP. The morphology of AgNPs was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), UV-Vis absorption, etc., techniques. Below the CP spherical polydisperse particles of 12 ± 5 nm mean diameter were found whereas above the CP the aggregated particles with higher diameter were found.

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“…As additives modify solution properties, their presence affects clouding too. Keeping the above points in mind, many researchers have studied the effect of various additives on the cloud point of amphiphilic drugs [24][25][26][27][28]. In the present study, amitriptyline hydrochloride (AMT) was employed as a model drug.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Organic Additives on the Phase Separation Phenomenon of Amphiphilic Drug Solutions

Rub

Asiri

Kumar

et al. 2012

J Surfact & Detergents

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The effect of various organic additives, viz. sugars, ureas, alcohols, hydrotropes and bile salts on the clouding (phase separation) phenomenon of the amphiphilic antidepressant drug amitriptyline hydrochloride was investigated in the present study. All sugars lowered the cloud point (CP) due to their water structure‐making property. Urea and alkylureas were found to lower the CP. In contrast, thioureas increased the CP slightly, but the presence of methyl group(s) had a similar effect in alkylureas. Short chain alcohols affected the CP insignificantly while higher ones decreased it, and medium chain alcohols showed peak behavior. Addition of hydrotropes and bile salts increased the CP at lower concentrations, while a decrease was observed at higher concentrations (like the medium chain alcohols). In addition, thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated but only for those additives which formed mixed micelles with the drug.

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Influence of electrolytes/non-electrolytes on the cloud point phenomenon of the aqueous promethazine hydrochloride drug solution

Cited by 44 publications

References 33 publications

Phase Separation of Amphiphilic Drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the Presence of Additives: Role of Ethanol

Phase Separation of Amphiphilic Drug Amitriptyline Hydrochloride in the Presence of Additives: Role of Ethanol

Role of Cloud Point of the Capping Agent (Nonionic Surfactant, Triton X-100) on the Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles

Effect of Organic Additives on the Phase Separation Phenomenon of Amphiphilic Drug Solutions

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