Influence of Electrode Density on the Performance of Li-Ion Batteries: Experimental and Simulation Results

Smekens, Jelle; Gopalakrishnan, Rahul; Steen, Nils Van den; Omar, Noshin; Hegazy, Omar; Hubin, Annick; Mierlo, Joeri Van

doi:10.3390/en9020104

Cited by 55 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…With: The functioning of a lithium-ion battery is summarized below; however, a more extended explanation can be found in literature, for example [32,33]. The intercalation of lithium-ions in the electrodes is the main reason for its long lifetime of this type of batteries.…”

Section: Battery Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However in all these designs three main processes can be identified as described in Table 6 [33]. Also in this table the material inputs (+) and outputs (−) are shown since material cost is the main cost of a battery, which will be demonstrated in Section 3.5.…”

Section: Battery Cell Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its low cost, good electrochemical performance, low volume expansion during charging and discharging as well as that it is abundantly available, explains the widely accepted use of graphite as anode material [33,35,36]. Many research efforts allowed to optimize this material resulting it is almost reaching its maximum theoretical capacity and only incremental improvements can be expected [29].…”

Section: State Of the Art-anodementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The key properties of a battery are: energy density, power density, cost and lifetime. An overview of the most used cathode materials can be found in Table 4 [29,33,36,[38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45]. The oldest commercially used electrodes are LiMn 2 O 4 (LMO) due to the low cost, however the lifetime is limited which is considered to be the biggest disadvantage but they are still frequently used.…”

Section: State Of the Art-cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

et al. 2017

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Abstract:The negative impact of the automotive industry on climate change can be tackled by changing from fossil driven vehicles towards battery electric vehicles with no tailpipe emissions. However their adoption mainly depends on the willingness to pay for the extra cost of the traction battery. The goal of this paper is to predict the cost of a battery pack in 2030 when considering two aspects: firstly a decade of research will ensure an improvement in material sciences altering a battery's chemical composition. Secondly by considering the price erosion due to the production cost optimization, by maturing of the market and by evolving towards to a mass-manufacturing situation. The cost of a lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide (NMC) battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: graphite) as well as silicon based lithium-ion battery (Cathode: NMC 6:2:2 ; Anode: silicon alloy), expected to be on the market in 10 years, will be predicted to tackle the first aspect. The second aspect will be considered by combining process-based cost calculations with learning curves, which takes the increasing battery market into account. The 100 dollar/kWh sales barrier will be reached respectively between 2020-2025 for silicon based lithium-ion batteries and 2025-2030 for NMC batteries, which will give a boost to global electric vehicle adoption.

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Section: Battery Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Battery Cell Manufacturingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Art-anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: State Of the Art-cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

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Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

et al. 2017

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“…We thus need to evaluate how many of the Li + ions displaced in the battery are within a volume r 3 C . LIB electrodes are typically made of LiCoO 2 (98 amu), with mass density of about 3 g/cm 3 [18] (this is an average value, as the literature reports also slightly larger [19] or smaller [20] densities). This corresponds to 1.9 × 10 7 LiCoO 2 /r 3 C , and to the same number density of Li atoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Minimum measurement time: lower bound on the frequency cutoff for collapse models

Adler¹,

Bassi²,

Ferialdi³

2020

J. Phys. A: Math. Theor.

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The CSL model predicts a progressive breakdown of the quantum superposition principle, with a noise randomly driving the state of the system towards a localized one, thus accounting for the emergence of a classical world within a quantum framework. In the original model the noise is supposed to be white, but since white noises do not exist in nature, it becomes relevant to identify some of its spectral properties. Experimental data set an upper bound on its frequencies, while in this paper we bound it from below. We do so in two ways: by considering a 'minimal' measurement setup, requiring that the collapse is completed within the measurement time; and in a measurement modelling-independent way, by requiring that the fluctuations average to zero before the measurement time. We find that the lower bound is comparable to the upper bound coming from bulk heating experiments. I. INTRODUCTIONCollapse models are a phenomenological solution to the quantum measurement problem, where the Schrödinger dynamics is modified by adding non-linear stochastic terms, which trigger the collapse of the wave function [1,2]. In the widely popular mass-proportional CSL model [3], two parameters control the collapse: a collapse rate λ and the noise space correlator r C . Their numerical values are chosen in such a way that the collapse is negligible for microscopic objects, thus recovering the standard quantum predictions, and become increasingly stronger for larger objects. While there is a generic consensus on the potential value of r C (∼ 10 −7 m), the value of λ is rather open [4,5]. If one requires the collapse to be effective at the level of latent image formation [5], then λ ∼ 10 −8 s −1 , with an uncertainty of about 2 orders of magnitude. This is the *

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Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials

et al. 2020

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Conventional nickel‐rich cathode materials suffer from reaction heterogeneity during electrochemical cycling particularly at high temperature, because of their polycrystalline properties and secondary particle morphology. Despite intensive research on the morphological evolution of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, its practical investigation at the electrode and cell levels is still rarely discussed. Herein, an intrinsic limitation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich cathode materials in high‐energy full‐cells is discovered under industrial electrode‐fabrication conditions. Owing to their highly unstable chemo‐mechanical properties, even after the first cycle, nickel‐rich materials are degraded in the longitudinal direction of the high‐energy electrode. This inhomogeneous degradation behavior of nickel‐rich materials at the electrode level originates from the overutilization of active materials on the surface side, causing a severe non‐uniform potential distribution during long‐term cycling. In addition, this phenomenon continuously lowers the reversibility of lithium ions. Consequently, considering the degradation of polycrystalline nickel‐rich materials, this study suggests the adoption of a robust single‐crystalline LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 as a feasible alternative, to effectively suppress the localized overutilization of active materials. Such an adoption can stabilize the electrochemical performance of high‐energy lithium‐ion cells, in which superior capacity retention above ≈80% after 1000 cycles at 45 °C is demonstrated.

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Influence of Electrode Density on the Performance of Li-Ion Batteries: Experimental and Simulation Results

Cited by 55 publications

References 29 publications

Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

Cost Projection of State of the Art Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles Up to 2030

Minimum measurement time: lower bound on the frequency cutoff for collapse models

Boosting Reaction Homogeneity in High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathode Materials

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