Influence of Eastern Oysters on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regeneration in Chesapeake Bay, USA

Newell, Roger I. E.; Fisher, Tom; Holyoke, Rebecca R.; Cornwell, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1007/1-4020-3030-4_6

Cited by 181 publications

(191 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The dramatic increase in bioturbation intensity and depth that occurred during the Cambrian Stage 2 resulted in higher irrigation levels, and was conducive to a further deepening of the redox discontinuity surface. In addition, suspension feeders can filter large volumes of water, particularly in more protected systems having longer hydrodynamic resident times, and therefore preventing eutrophication and reducing water turbidity, which makes light available for microphytobenthos [47,49,50]. In fact, the appearance of a suspension-feeder infauna may have been the driving force for a dramatic increase in ocean ventilation [51].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling of body-plan diversification and ecological structuring during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evolutionary and geobiological feedbacks

2014

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The rapid appearance of bilaterian clades at the beginning of the Phanerozoic is one of the most intriguing topics in macroevolution. However, the complex feedbacks between diversification and ecological interactions are still poorly understood. Here, we show that a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the trace-fossil record of the Ediacaran-Cambrian transition indicates that body-plan diversification and ecological structuring were decoupled. The appearance of a wide repertoire of behavioural strategies and body plans occurred by the Fortunian. However, a major shift in benthic ecological structure, recording the establishment of a suspension-feeder infauna, increased complexity of the trophic web, and coupling of benthos and plankton took place during Cambrian Stage 2. Both phases were accompanied by different styles of ecosystem engineering, but only the second one resulted in the establishment of the Phanerozoic-style ecology. In turn, the suspension-feeding infauna may have been the ecological drivers of a further diversification of deposit-feeding strategies by Cambrian Stage 3, favouring an ecological spillover scenario. Trace-fossil information strongly supports the Cambrian explosion, but allows for a short time of phylogenetic fuse during the terminal Ediacaran-Fortunian.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decoupling of body-plan diversification and ecological structuring during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evolutionary and geobiological feedbacks

2014

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“…DNF data have been reported from experiments with simulated oyster biodeposits (Newell et al 2002) and a conceptual model of the potential for oysters to enhance estuarine DNF has been presented (Newell et al 2005), but ours v www.esajournals.org is the first study to directly measure rates of DNF in oyster reef sediments. Our rates of oyster reef sediment DNF were lower than rates measured with simulated biodeposits and those in the conceptual model presented by Newell and colleagues (2005).…”

Section: Habitat-specific Dnfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat-specific distinctions in estuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services

2011

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Abstract. Resource limitation controls the base of food webs in many aquatic ecosystems. In coastal ecosystems, nitrogen (N) has been found to be the predominant limiting factor for primary producers. Due to the important role nitrogen plays in determining ecosystem function, understanding the processes that modulate its availability is critical. Shallow-water estuarine systems are highly heterogeneous. In temperate estuaries, multiple habitat types can exist in close proximity to one another, their distribution controlled primarily by physical energy, tidal elevation and geomorphology. Distinctions between these habitats such as rates of primary productivity and sediment characteristics likely affect material processing. We used membrane inlet mass spectrometry to measure changes in N 2 flux (referred to here as denitrification) in multiple shallow-water estuarine habitats through an annual cycle. We found significantly higher rates of denitrification (DNF) in structured habitats such as submerged aquatic vegetation, salt marshes and oyster reefs than in intertidal and subtidal flats. Seasonal patterns were also observed, with higher DNF rates occurring in the warmer seasons. Additionally, there was an interaction between habitat type and season that we attributed to the seasonal patterns of enhanced productivity in individual habitat types. There was a strong correlation between denitrification and sediment oxygen demand (SOD) in all habitats and all seasons, suggesting the potential to utilize SOD to predict DNF. Denitrification efficiency was also higher in the structured habitats than in the flats. Nitrogen removal by these habitats was found to be an important contributor to estuarine ecosystem function. The ecosystem service of DNF in each habitat was evaluated in US dollars using rates from a regional nutrient-offset market to determine the cost to replace N through management efforts. Habitat-specific values of N removal ranged from approximately three thousand U.S. dollars per acre per year in the submerged aquatic vegetation to approximately four hundred U.S. dollars per acre per year in the subtidal flat. Because of the link between habitat type and processes such as DNF, changes in habitat area and distribution will have consequences for both ecosystem function and the delivery of ecosystem services.

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“…The removal of phytoplankton by oyster filtration in treatments 1, 2 and 3 probably prevents the assimilation of orthophosphate by the phytoplankton resulting in increased level of DIP. In his studies on eastern oysters of Chesapeke Bay, Newell et al (2005) found that bivalve filter feeding sets phytoplankton production at a lower level than that determined by the nutrients. Higher values of orthophosphate were obtained during monsoon months which could be due to the release of phosphates from sediments due to stirring action as observed by Kumar et al (2009) in Tapi, west coast of India.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The presence of oysters in T2 stimulates the bacterial process of nitrification and denitrification, helping the escape of nitrogen gas, thus, lowering the ammonia content in water. Newell et al (2005) in his studies on eastern oysters of Chesapeke Bay have reported that the biodeposits (ammonia) of oysters are oxidized to nitrite and nitrate by aerobic bacteria. The denitrifying bacteria further use the oxidized forms of N as terminal electron acceptors, reducing the NO 2 -and NO 3 -to N 2 gas.…”

Section: Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can oysters control eutrophication in an integrated fish-oyster aquaculture system?

Viji¹,

Chadha²,

Kripa³

et al. 2014

J.Mar.Biol.Ass.India

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Eutrophication is a serious problem occurring in ponds or estuaries where fish culture is practised. A possible solution to this problem is to raise oysters in an integrated culture with fish to improve water clarity and to help remove excess nutrients. In order to determine the effects that cultured oysters have on the environment, an experimental study was performed in the Moothakunnam region of the Vembanad lake in the Ernakulam District during February-November, 2012. The study was performed in four cages (1× 1× 1 m) referred to as treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4. The four treatments used fish (Etroplus suratensis) and oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis) in the ratio of 1:0.3, 1:0.5, 1:0.7 and 1:0 respectively. Several parameters were measured and compared between the four treatments, and these included temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate and orthophosphate. Results showed that the parameters, DO, BOD, COD, TSS, ammonia and orthophosphate varied with different treatments and months. However, the contents of nitrite and nitrate showed variation only with respect to months. The eutrophication index (E) values calculated for the four treatments were 9. 45 ± 4.41, 5.25 ± 3.23, 11.32 ± 6.17 and 11.52 ± 5.45 respectively. The lower E value obtained was for T2 which supports the conclusion that oysters can control eutrophication in an integrated aquaculture system. The optimal co-cultivation proportion of fish to oysters obtained from the present study was 1:0.5.

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Influence of Eastern Oysters on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Regeneration in Chesapeake Bay, USA

Cited by 181 publications

References 71 publications

Decoupling of body-plan diversification and ecological structuring during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evolutionary and geobiological feedbacks

Decoupling of body-plan diversification and ecological structuring during the Ediacaran–Cambrian transition: evolutionary and geobiological feedbacks

Habitat-specific distinctions in estuarine denitrification affect both ecosystem function and services

Can oysters control eutrophication in an integrated fish-oyster aquaculture system?

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