Influence of drying applications on wood, brick and concrete used as building materials: a review

Ndukwu, Macmanus Chinenye; Bennamoun, Lyes; Simo-Tagne, Merlin; Ibeh, Mathew Imagwuike; Abada, U. C.; Ekop, Inemesit Edem

doi:10.1007/s41024-021-00119-0

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…As a general rule, the linear and volumetric shrinkages are considered very important for practical applications, such as the structural use of the wood. High values of these parameters can result in cracks and warping of wood products that demand high dimensional stability, as is the case of furniture and door/window frames [38][39][40]. Similar results to ours, regarding the effect of thermal treatment on the dimensional stability of wood, have been reported for other wood species.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of GG100 clone Eucalyptus wood

et al. 2022

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Thermal treatment can modify undesirable characteristics of some woods, dimensional instability, and excessive water adsorption. The present research work aimed to assess the effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of clone GG100 Eucalyptus wood. Wood samples were obtained from 9 year-old trees. Samples were subjected to three types of thermal treatment (T1, T2, and T3). In T1, the wood was kept in a laboratory kiln at 100 °C for 180 min. In T2, hydrothermal treatment was performed in an autoclave at 120 °C for 120 min. In T3, the combined autoclave and laboratory kiln treatments were employed. The properties evaluated were apparent density (ρa); mass loss (ML); longitudinal (βl), radial (βr), tangential (βt), and volumetric shrinkage (βv); anisotropic factor; and equilibrium moisture content. The treatments caused a decrease of ρa and increase of ML. The Equilibrium Moisture Content (EMC) was lowest for T3, and had a negative correlation with ML, βt, and ∆v. The Pearson correlation analysis indicated the results of the thermal treatments were similar, but T1 presented the lowest variation of the physical properties compared to the other treatments, giving it the best predictability for practical uses.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of GG100 clone Eucalyptus wood

et al. 2022

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“…For example, in a high moisture environment, certain wood absorbs moisture and expands if used as a wall, while some shrink during the winter period. According to Ndukwu et al [86], materials like wood, concrete or bricks used as a base material in wall construction if subjected to outdoor condition, undergoes continuous drying under ambient conditions. These materials, because they are hygroscopic, desorb or absorb moisture unless an equilibrium condition is maintained between the indoor and outdoor air, or the wall material surface is impermeable [87].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These require consideration in modeling the hygrothermal transfer for building walls. Therefore, as suggested by Ndukwu et al [86], long-term behavioral models that will incorporate the continuous moisture loss or gain from building materials during structural application require investigation. The model should consider the effect of seasonal variations (winter, spring, summer, and autumn) and long-term meteorological data.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy in buildings: A review of models on hygrothermal transfer through the porous materials for building envelop

Ndukwu¹,

Simo-Tagne²,

Ekop³

et al. 2023

futech

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The hygrothermal transfer is very important for the design of a building envelope for thermal comfort, economic and energy analysis of the building envelope. The lack of reference materials on models of moisture and temperature behavior in the building, including wooden walls, is a challenge. This paper reviewed the hygrothermal transfer models for building walls. Energy and mass conservation equations with boundary and input conditions were presented in this paper for concrete, bricks, and wooden walls. The review showed the presence of mainly physical-based models, while there is a dearth of data-based models. The influence of the type of wall, orientation, thickness, the density of the material, and climatic variations on the temperature and moisture evolutions within the building materials influenced the model mechanisms. Future research gaps should include shrinkage influence on hygroscopic materials like wood due to their behavior under ambient conditions. Data-based models should be explored too.

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“…As one of the materials that have the closest relationship with human beings and the most harmonious development with the environment, wood and wood-based materials are ubiquitous for the millennium in the development of building and furniture of the human living environment, due to their good material properties and environmental characteristics (Hu et al, 2020;Ndukwu et al, 2021). Compared with other commonly used modern engineering materials, such as steel, concrete and plastic, wood has the advantages of high strength-to-weight ratio, good elasticity, easy processing, natural beautiful texture and color, and renewable ability (Bao et Liu et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface methodology approach for dyeing process optimization of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood with acid dye

Peng

et al. 2023

Eur. J. Wood Prod.

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Dyeing of wood is an important value-adding process. An important indicator in the assessment of the performance of wood dyeing process is the dye penetration. In present study, the existing method of response surface methodology was extended to study the dyeing process optimization of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood with acid dye using the radial dye penetration rate as an indicator. The experiments were carried out on the basis of a single factor experiment, and the optimal condition was determined by means of the Box-Behnken Design of response surface methodology. The effects of temperature, dye concentration, dyeing time and accelerant mass fraction on the radial dye penetration rate of Ayous wood were optimized. The experimental results showed that the maximum radial dye permeability can be achieved under optimum dyeing temperature (86.03 o C), dye concentration (0.31%), dyeing time (8 h), and accelerant mass fraction (2.23%). Under these conditions, the maximum dye-uptake and radial dye penetration rate were found to be 14.28% and 22.34%, respectively. The results of analysis of variance indicated that the mathematical model proposed in this study can be used to predict the dye-uptake and radial dye penetration rate of acid dye on Ayous wood by changing the process parameters.

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Influence of drying applications on wood, brick and concrete used as building materials: a review

Cited by 13 publications

References 81 publications

Effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of GG100 clone Eucalyptus wood

Effect of thermal treatment on the physical properties of GG100 clone Eucalyptus wood

Energy in buildings: A review of models on hygrothermal transfer through the porous materials for building envelop

Response surface methodology approach for dyeing process optimization of Ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon) wood with acid dye

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