Influence of dissolved inorganic carbon and calcium on gas formation and accumulation in iron permeable reactive barriers

Influences of nanoscale zero valent iron loadings and bicarbonate and calcium concentrations on hydrogen evolution in anaerobic column experiments

“…Under anaerobic conditions magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) is the final corrosion product of the ZVI oxidation in de-ionised water (Ruhl et al, 2012), with ferrous hydroxide (Fe(OH) 2 ) as its precursor (Reardon et al, 2008;Ruhl et al, 2012). In complex groundwater matrices, the formation of secondary minerals depends on the concentration of inorganic groundwater solutes and the local pH value.…”

“…In particular, mainly iron hydroxide carbonate (chukanovite, Fe 2 CO 3 (OH) 2 ) is formed in the presence of carbonate on the iron surface (Ruhl et al, 2011) and influences significantly the reactivity (Jeen et al, 2006;Lee and Wilkin, 2010;Ruhl et al, 2012). High concentrations of inorganic carbon increase not only the dehalogenation rates of chlorinated groundwater contaminants but also the inhibition of reactive sites in the long-term (Parbs et al, 2007).…”

Impact of Fe0 amendment on methylene blue discoloration by sand columns

“…Fe 0 is also a very efficient material for above-ground wastewater treatment and safe dinking water provision [7][8][9]. New Moreover, despite 20 years of intensive research, the question as to whether iron should be used alone or mixed to a cost efficient material is yet to be properly addressed [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

Metallic iron for water treatment: leaving the valley of confusion

“…Until now, k iron has not been determined or was determined independently from contaminant reduction (Reardon 1995(Reardon , 2005Ruhl et al 2012a …”