Influence of Different Shellfish Matrices on the Separation of PSP Toxins Using a Postcolumn Oxidation Liquid Chromatography Method

Abstract

The separation of PSP toxins using liquid chromatography with a post-column oxidation fluorescence detection method was performed with different matrices. The separation of PSP toxins depends on several factors, and it is crucial to take into account the presence of interfering matrix peaks to produce a good separation. The matrix peaks are not always the same, which is a significant issue when it comes to producing good, reliable results regarding resolution and toxicity information. Different real shellfish matrices (mussel, scallop, clam and oyster) were studied, and it was seen that the interference is not the same for each individual matrix. It also depends on the species, sampling location and the date of collection. It was proposed that separation should be accomplished taking into account the type of matrix, as well as the concentration of heptane sulfonate in both solvents, since the mobile phase varies regarding the matrix. Scallop and oyster matrices needed a decrease in the concentration of heptane sulfonate to separate GTX4 from matrix peaks, as well as dcGTX3 for oysters, with a concentration of 6.5 mM for solvent A and 6.25 mM for solvent B. For mussel and clam matrices, interfering peaks are not as large as they are in the other group, and the heptane sulfonate concentration was 8.25 mM for both solvents. Also, for scallops and oysters, matrix interferences depend not only on the sampling site but also on the date of collection as well as the species; for mussels and clams, differences are noted only when the sampling site varies.

Determination of Gonyautoxin-4 in Echinoderms and Gastropod Matrices by Conversion to Neosaxitoxin Using 2-Mercaptoethanol and Post-Column Oxidation Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

“…In this study, several matrices were used: bivalves, gastropods, echinoderms, crustaceans and fish. However, as it was seen in previous studies with some scallop and oyster matrices [ 12 , 14 ], there can be naturally fluorescent interferences that co-elute with GTX4.This was found in this investigation with echinoderms and gastropods matrices. In the study of Baker et al .…”

“…The PCOX method presents several advantages regarding routine analysis in comparison to the Lawrence method [ 11 ]. However, high sensitivity to naturally fluorescent matrix interferences can pose some challenges [ 12 ]. The PCOX method is characterized by dividing the toxins into two groups: C group (C1, C2, C3 and C4) and GTXs and STXs group (GTX1, GTX2, GTX3, GTX4, GTX5, dcGTX2, dcGTX3, NEO, dcSTX and STX).…”

Detection Shellfish Poisoning, Marine Toxins, of Food by Hplc:paralytic Shellfish Poisoning.

“…The most common chemical method used for the analysis of PSP toxins is the combination of liquid chromatography (LC) with online post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection, using two different isocratic and gradient elution modes. Rey et al (2015) has reported that, this method is important to quantify for the limit of detection and limit of quantification toxins of PSP in different shellfish at different matrix as it is shown in Table 2. The post column method of HPLC is popular as it can chromatographically separate many samples at the same time and use to establish toxins profile based on the geographical area, the phytoplankton species and the shellfish species (Abdul Keyon, 2014).…”

“…The post column method of HPLC is popular as it can chromatographically separate many samples at the same time and use to establish toxins profile based on the geographical area, the phytoplankton species and the shellfish species (Abdul Keyon, 2014). Rey et al (2015) reported that concentration of different types PSP toxins from different shellfish , such as oyster, clam, mussels, and scallop, can be chromatographically separated at the same time and investigate the matrix from different geographical areas using the heptane sulfonate concentration in mobile phase. And HPLC is very important in monitoring and regulating environment, since it gives reliable results than other methods, such as MBA method (Yu et al, 2013).…”

“…The techniques of HPLC for the analysis PSPtoxins provide the separation efficiency required for complicated matrices such as the different types of shell fish samples as well as the high resolution required to determine the toxins present in contaminated samples with very low detection limits, which is the main criteria required from the detection methods. In order to obtain accurate and precise quantitative results from PSP, extraction and clean-up steps prior to the chromatographic analysis are the most essential ones (Rey et al, 2015).…”