Influence of different refractive index spectrums on scintillation and phase fluctuation power spectrum of light wave propagation in atmosphere

Ke′e, 苑克娥 Yuan; Wenyue, 朱文越 Zhu; Ruizhong, 饶瑞中 Rao

doi:10.3788/hplpb20102207.1462

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Apart from topography and wind convergence considered in this study, there are still other factors affecting for rainstorms over NC. The impact of ENSO on precipitation changes has been well documented (Zhang et al 1999;Wang et al 2016). Extreme precipitation days over NC are significantly less frequent in El Nino phases than in La Nina Fig.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enhancement of the summer extreme precipitation over North China by interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings

Zhao

Chen

Li³

et al. 2020

Clim Dyn

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This study investigates the roles of atmospheric moisture transport under the influence of topography for summer extreme precipitation over North China (NC) during 1979-2016. Based on rain gauge precipitation data and a reanalysis, 38 extreme precipitation days in NC during the 38 years were selected and associated moisture fluxes estimated. The results show that there is a dominant moisture influx of 311.8 kg m −1 s −1 into NC along its southern boundary from tropical oceans, and a secondary influx of 107.9 kg m −1 s −1 across its western boundary carried by mid-latitude westerlies. The outflux across the eastern boundary is 206.9 kg m −1 s −1 and across the northern boundary is 76.0 kg m −1 s −1 , giving a net moisture gain over NC of 136.8 kg m −1 s −1. During extreme precipitation days, the moisture flux convergence (MFC) was much larger, exceeding 4 × 10 −5 kg m −1 s −1. The MFC maximum core, the pronounced moisture transport, and the striking extreme precipitation zone over NC are all anchored to the east of the steep slopes of the surrounding topography. Moreover, a remarkably high humidity and strong upward motion also occur near steep slopes, indicating the critical role of the adjacent topography on the extreme precipitations. Simulations with and without the topography in NC using the Weather and Research Forecasting model for six selected out of the 38 extreme precipitation days demonstrate that the surrounding topography reinforces the MFC over NC by 16% relative to the case without terrain, primarily through enhanced wind convergence and higher moisture content, as well as stronger vertical motion induced by diabatic heating. The interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings strengthen the extreme precipitation over NC.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Enhancement of the summer extreme precipitation over North China by interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings

Zhao

Chen

Li³

et al. 2020

Clim Dyn

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“…The observed daily meteorological data for 1951-2017 from 189 ground-based stations in the upper Yangtze River basin used in this study were quality controlled by considering changes in instrument type, station relocations and trace biases at the National Meteorological Information Centre of China Meteorological Administration (Ren et al, 2010), which was inputted into the hydrological models by spatial interpolation. During 1951-2017, annual precipitation shows a decreasing trend, with a multi-year average of 935 mm, and annual mean temperature has shown a positive trend with a multi-year average of 10.5 • .…”

Section: Observed Meteorological and Hydrological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

A 439-year simulated daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China

Gao

Krysanova

et al. 2020

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. The outputs of four global climate models (GFDL-ESM2M, HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR and MIROC5), which were statistically downscaled and bias corrected, were used to drive four hydrological models (Hydrologiska Byråns, HBV; Soil and Water Assessment Tool, SWAT; Soil and Water Integrated Model, SWIM; and Variable Infiltration Capacity, VIC) to simulate the daily discharge at the Cuntan hydrological station in the upper Yangtze River from 1861 to 2299. As the performances of hydrological models in various climate conditions could be different, the models were first calibrated in the period from 1979 to 1990. Then, the models were validated in the comparatively wet period, 1967–1978, and in the comparatively dry period, 1991–2002. A multi-objective automatic calibration programme using a univariate search technique was applied to find the optimal parameter set for each of the four hydrological models. The Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) of daily discharge and the weighted least-squares function (WLS) of extreme discharge events, represented by high flow (Q10) and low flow (Q90), were included in the objective functions of the parameterization process. In addition, the simulated evapotranspiration results were compared with the GLEAM evapotranspiration data for the upper Yangtze River basin. For evaluating the performances of the hydrological models, the NSE, modified Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), ratio of the root-mean-square error to the standard deviation of the measured data (RSR) and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) were used. The four hydrological models reach satisfactory simulation results in both the calibration and validation periods. In this study, the daily discharge is simulated for the upper Yangtze River under the preindustrial control (piControl) scenario without anthropogenic climate change from 1861 to 2299 and for the historical period 1861–2005 and for 2006 to 2299 under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The long-term daily discharge dataset can be used in the international context and water management, e.g. in the framework of Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP) by providing clues to what extent human-induced climate change could impact streamflow and streamflow trend in the future. The datasets are available at: https://doi.org/10.4121/uuid:8658b22a-8f98-4043-9f8f-d77684d58cbc (Gao et al., 2019).

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“…They were expressed as high indoor air temperature when the maximum indoor air temperature ( T i, max ) was higher than 28°C and as low air temperature when the minimum indoor air temperature ( T i, min ) was lower than 18°C. The outdoor high and low air temperature thresholds were determined by the 10% and 90% percentile, 38 respectively. According to the outdoor air temperature of 454 households on that day, the minimum air temperature and maximum air temperature were obtained corresponding to the 90% and 10% percentile, respectively, in order from the smallest to largest.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood respiratory diseases related to indoor and outdoor extreme thermal environment (air temperature) in Shanghai, China

Hong,

Luo,

Zhu

et al. 2023

Indoor and Built Environment

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Ambient air temperature could be the most significant factor impacting childhood respiratory health. This paper aims to analyze the relationship between air temperature and childhood respiratory diseases (RDs). Field measurements and meteorological parameters recorded from the weather website were conducted. Health outcomes regarding respiratory diseases amongst preschool children were reported. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results from logistic regression analyses illustrate that extreme air temperature was significantly associated with a high prevalence of RDs amongst children. Indoor high temperature (>28°C) was positively correlated with the long duration of a common cold (≥2 weeks), and outdoor high temperature (>35°C) was positively related to the high prevalence of pneumonia. Indoor and outdoor low temperature (<18°C and <4°C, respectively) was a risk factor for rhinitis amongst children. The largest indoor air temperature difference (IATD) (the 4th quartile, >4°C) and outdoor air temperature difference (OATD) (the 4th quartile, >8°C) were positively related to the high prevalence of pneumonia and diagnosed asthma amongst children. Large differences between indoor and outdoor air temperatures and large indoor air temperature variations should be avoided to reduce the adverse effects on respiratory health, especially in extreme climates.

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Influence of different refractive index spectrums on scintillation and phase fluctuation power spectrum of light wave propagation in atmosphere

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Enhancement of the summer extreme precipitation over North China by interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings

Enhancement of the summer extreme precipitation over North China by interactions between moisture convergence and topographic settings

A 439-year simulated daily discharge dataset (1861–2299) for the upper Yangtze River, China

Childhood respiratory diseases related to indoor and outdoor extreme thermal environment (air temperature) in Shanghai, China

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