“…So, providing colonies with protein source all over the year, especially during dearth periods of pollen is a critical matter. Recently, several studies have given more attention to formulate supplementary diets or substitutes to compensate the lack of the natural protein source (pollen) (Zheng et al, 2014;Amro et al, 2016;Negri et al, 2017;Gamal Eldin et al, 2018;Gregorc et al, 2019;Younis, 2019). Moreover, different pollen types from different plant origin differently effects on the physiological conditions of worker honey bee (Amro et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pollen substitutes should have some specific characteristics to be suitable for honey bees: palatable (Saffari et al, 2010), can be consumed by bees (Al-Ghamdi et al 2011), attractive to bees (Abd El-Wahab et al, 2016), and have good physiological effects (Amro et al, 2016). Also, they should be able to stimulate colony growth and support aspects of worker quality especially brood rearing activity and worker longevity (Manning et al, 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, they should be able to stimulate colony growth and support aspects of worker quality especially brood rearing activity and worker longevity (Manning et al, 2007). There are several materials that can be used during the preparation of pollen substitutes including: soybean meal (Abbasian and Ebadi, 2002), yeast (Abd El-Wahab and Gomaa, 2005), skimmed milk (Amro et al, 2016), wheat gluten (Nutter et al, 2017) and chickpea flour (Younis, 2019). Such materials have high content of protein, which encourages the development of hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), hence stimulating the secretion of royal jelly and promoting brood rearing activity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some pollen substitutes were tested for feeding honey bee workers by Amro et al (2016) andGamal Eldin et al (2018). They have considered the consumption of pollen substitute by newly emerged bee workers, development of HPG, longevity of bee workers, and weight of rectal content as important criteria for estimating the suitability of diets for bee workers.…”
Nutritional value of four proteinaceous diets and their physiological effects on honey bee workers were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The tested diets were as follows: diet 1 – date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) syrup, skimmed milk powder and dried brewer's yeast, diet 2 – Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powders and dried brewer's yeast, diet 3 – chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour, wheat germ and dried brewer's yeast and diet 4 - soybean meal, skimmed milk powder and dried brewer's yeast, beside a control group (bee bread). Caged Carniolan honey bee workers were used in the experiments. The consumption rate, workers longevity, development degree of hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), and weight of rectal contents were determined. The greatest consumption rate was recorded for the control group while the lowest one was recorded for diet 4. Feeding bees on diet 3 gave the longest longevity (LT50= 27.0 days) among the tested diets and as a second rank after bees in the control group (LT50 = 29.0 days) while diet 4 showed the lowest longevity (LT50 =20.5 days). The highest HPG development degree (3.78) was recorded for 9 days old bees in the control group, followed by diet 3 (3.24) while the lowest degree (2.14) was to diet 4. The weight of rectal contents of honey bee workers was 13.43, 16.03 and 16.12 mg/bee/3 days for diet 3, diet 1 and diet 2, respectively, suggesting the suitability of these diets to bees. In light of this study, diet 3 and 2 have the best physiological effects for bees with good nutritional values.
“…So, providing colonies with protein source all over the year, especially during dearth periods of pollen is a critical matter. Recently, several studies have given more attention to formulate supplementary diets or substitutes to compensate the lack of the natural protein source (pollen) (Zheng et al, 2014;Amro et al, 2016;Negri et al, 2017;Gamal Eldin et al, 2018;Gregorc et al, 2019;Younis, 2019). Moreover, different pollen types from different plant origin differently effects on the physiological conditions of worker honey bee (Amro et al, 2015).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Pollen substitutes should have some specific characteristics to be suitable for honey bees: palatable (Saffari et al, 2010), can be consumed by bees (Al-Ghamdi et al 2011), attractive to bees (Abd El-Wahab et al, 2016), and have good physiological effects (Amro et al, 2016). Also, they should be able to stimulate colony growth and support aspects of worker quality especially brood rearing activity and worker longevity (Manning et al, 2007).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Also, they should be able to stimulate colony growth and support aspects of worker quality especially brood rearing activity and worker longevity (Manning et al, 2007). There are several materials that can be used during the preparation of pollen substitutes including: soybean meal (Abbasian and Ebadi, 2002), yeast (Abd El-Wahab and Gomaa, 2005), skimmed milk (Amro et al, 2016), wheat gluten (Nutter et al, 2017) and chickpea flour (Younis, 2019). Such materials have high content of protein, which encourages the development of hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), hence stimulating the secretion of royal jelly and promoting brood rearing activity.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some pollen substitutes were tested for feeding honey bee workers by Amro et al (2016) andGamal Eldin et al (2018). They have considered the consumption of pollen substitute by newly emerged bee workers, development of HPG, longevity of bee workers, and weight of rectal content as important criteria for estimating the suitability of diets for bee workers.…”
Nutritional value of four proteinaceous diets and their physiological effects on honey bee workers were evaluated under laboratory conditions. The tested diets were as follows: diet 1 – date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) syrup, skimmed milk powder and dried brewer's yeast, diet 2 – Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) powders and dried brewer's yeast, diet 3 – chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) flour, wheat germ and dried brewer's yeast and diet 4 - soybean meal, skimmed milk powder and dried brewer's yeast, beside a control group (bee bread). Caged Carniolan honey bee workers were used in the experiments. The consumption rate, workers longevity, development degree of hypopharyngeal glands (HPG), and weight of rectal contents were determined. The greatest consumption rate was recorded for the control group while the lowest one was recorded for diet 4. Feeding bees on diet 3 gave the longest longevity (LT50= 27.0 days) among the tested diets and as a second rank after bees in the control group (LT50 = 29.0 days) while diet 4 showed the lowest longevity (LT50 =20.5 days). The highest HPG development degree (3.78) was recorded for 9 days old bees in the control group, followed by diet 3 (3.24) while the lowest degree (2.14) was to diet 4. The weight of rectal contents of honey bee workers was 13.43, 16.03 and 16.12 mg/bee/3 days for diet 3, diet 1 and diet 2, respectively, suggesting the suitability of these diets to bees. In light of this study, diet 3 and 2 have the best physiological effects for bees with good nutritional values.
“…Fermented gluten meal, fermented soybean meal, soybean meal and gluten meal as supplementary diets were used by Rezaei et al (2015) to evaluate their effects on colonies activity compared with pollen and sugar solution, as a control treatments. Amro et al (2016) used five supplementary isolated diet proteins of soybean, pod powder, date pasta, Feedbee ® (a nutritious pollen supplement), and corn gluten compared with control colonies fed on pollen in relation to their effect on certain physiological parameters, rearing activity, and consumption amount. Feedbee ® was able to enhance brood rearing, Queen excluder is a very important method to increase honey production during peak seasons, Moeller (1980) and, Morris (2012) indicated that queen exclusion has positively affected honey yield, and found that its application in one colony was better than in two colonies.…”
Two different methods were carried out as an attempt to increase the honey production of A. mellifera colonies (Hybrid) in Egypt. The first method was conducted during winter of 2015/2016 season, includes and three different diets; skimmed soybean, (A) chickpea, (B) and yellow corn flour(C). These supplementary diets were used to fed bee colonies during dearth period to increase their production. Results revealed an increase in sealed brood yield to 1290.0±48.47 inch 2 with daily egg laying of 2956.2±111.1 eggs/colony for colonies fed on soybean diet (A), which was the best diet as compared to chickpeas (B) and yellow corn diets (C). In addition, diet (A) showed the highest number of queen cells (138.6±5.65 cell/colony) with the highest cell length (14.9±0.38 mm/queen cell). Moreover, these colonies showed the highest honey production (6.82 ± 0.33 Kg/ colony) during the period of citrus blossom season. A queen exclusion system, the second method, was conducted to increase honey production through out three nectar seasons of citrus, clover and cotton. Total honey was 91.45 kg/10 colonies with amean of 9.15 kg /colony. In clover season, honey production was 53.78 kg/10 colonies, with a mean of 5.38 kg/colony, while in cotton season the colonies produced the least amount of honey of 43.14 kg/10 colonies with a mean of 4.31 kg/colony. There were highly significant differences among the colonies that provided with the queen excluder system on one side and the other control colonies on the other side.Statistical wise, the difference was sigmi ficamt between queen exclusion system ant the control.
We designed a cage that can maintain adult bees for 21 days with about 90% survival rate, in addition to facilitating the changing of sucrose syrup and beebread, and collection of live and dead bees without disturbing or releasing bees. The consumption rates of bee pollen diet and sucrose syrup for groups of 50-200 honey bees were recorded for 21 days after emergence. The bees consumed the bee pollen diet mainly at the age of 1-9 days. Regular consumption of sucrose syrup was observed among all bee groups throughout the 21 days. Furthermore, the nutritional responses of nurse bees-specifically, the expressions of major royal jelly protein 1 (mrjp1 ) in the head and vitellogenin (vg ) in the abdomen-upon the provision of five single-supplemental diets were evaluated. We aimed to improve the usability of bee cages by elucidating the food consumption of bees and the relationship between nutritional gene expression and the ingestion of each single-protein diet.Bee cage / Bee pollen substitutes / Major royal jelly protein 1 / Vitellogenin
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