Influence of different nutrient regimes on the regulation of carbon metabolism in Norway spruce <i>[Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.] seedlings

Wingler, Astrid; Einig, Werner; Schaeffer, Christoph; Wallenda, Thomas; Hampp, Rüdiger; Wallander, Håkan; Nylund, Jan‐Erik

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1994.tb04016.x

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It is commonly accepted that conifers assimilate nitrogen in their roots [41] and that PEPC is the enzyme of carbon metabolism primarily regulated by nitrogen availability [55]. In addition, Wingler and coworkers [61] have demonstrated that PEPC activity in roots of spruce seedlings is higher than in the corresponding cotyledons under most of the nitrogen conditions they used in their experiments. Based on these data it can be suggested that PEPC is a basic component of the N-fixation cascade in the roots of spruce and that the high PEPC activity is attended by an enhanced expression of the ppc gene corresponding to the PAPPC 14/2 cDNA and/or a higher ppc mRNA stability in this tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

Relle

Wild

1996

Plant Mol Biol

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Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) genes and cDNA sequences have so far been isolated from a broad range of angiosperm but not from gymnosperm species. We constructed a cDNA library from seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and identified cDNAs coding for PEPC. A full-length PEPC cDNA was sequenced. It consists of 3522 nucleotides and has an open reading frame (ORF) that encodes a polypeptide (963 amino acids) with a molecular mass of 109551. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed a higher similarity to the C3-form PEPC of angiosperm species (86-88%) than to the CAM and C4 forms (76-84%). The putative motif (Lys/Arg-X-X-Ser) for serine kinase, which is conserved in all angiosperm PEPCs analysed so far, is also present in this gymnosperm sequence. Southern blot analysis of spruce genomic DNA under low-stringency conditions using the PEPC cDNA as a hybridization probe showed a complex hybridization pattern, indicating the presence of additional PEPC-related sequences in the genome of the spruce. In contrast, the probe hybridized to only a few bands under high-stringency conditions. Whereas this PEPC gene is highly expressed in roots of seedlings, a low-level expression can be detected in cotyledons and adult needles. A molecular phyiogeny of plant PEPC including the spruce PEPC sequence revealed that the spruce PEPC sequence is clustered with monocot and dicot C3- form PEPCs including the only dicot C4 form characterized so far.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

Relle

Wild

1996

Plant Mol Biol

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“…There is ample evidence that nitrogen supply is a potent activator of PEPC (Wingler et al, 1994), simultaneously causing a decrease in the sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS). Thus the C flow might be directed away from the synthesis of sucrose towards that of amino acid (Champigny & Foyer, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of fertilization on ozone‐induced changes in the metabolism of birch (Betula pendula) leaves

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYClotied cuttings oi Betula pendula Roth were grown in field fumigation chambers at Birmensdorf throughout one growing season in filtered air with either < 3 (control) or 90/40 nl 1"^ O^ (day/night; ozone generated from pure oxygen). Each ozone regime was split into high and low soil nutrient regimes by watering plants with either a 0-05''[, or a 0-005 "o solution of a fertilizer which contained macronutrients and micronutrients.Fertilization had a strong effect on plant growth, enzyme activities and the expression of ozone-induced effects at the biochemical level. The activities of PEPC and Rubisco were enhanced about threefold in the plants with high fertilization (HF). Significant effects of ozone were in most cases found only in the older leaves of the plants with low fertilization (LF). There, sucrose, glucose and fructose levels were enhanced. In both fertilization treatments, the number of starch granules along the minor veins was increased. These ozone effects point to a decreased or inhibited phloem loading. The increased PEPC activity and the enhanced tnalate levels in the ozoneexposed plants might be the result of a redirection of carbon flow from sucrose synthesis and translocation towards anapieurotic processes, which can feed detoxification and repair of ozone injury as indicated by enhanced respiration. These findings agree well with the observed effects of ozone in lowering the root: shoot biomass ratio. Although there was a marked reduction in the O^/LF plants, O^/HF plants showed no significant response. Inositol was decreased under ozone exposure In both fertilizer treatments, contrasting with the pattern for carbohydrates.These results demonstrate the role of fertilization as an important modifier of ozone-induced effects at the plant biochemical level. Well fertilized plants appear to cope better with the impact of ozone on metabolism.Keywords; Ozone/fertilization interactions, carbohydrates, phosphoenolpynjvate carboxylase, Rubisco, carbon allocation/partitioning, Betula pendula.woody plants with indeterminate growth, mature INTRODUCTION leaves near the stem bases export most of the fixed C Plant grovv'th is the result of a balance between to the lower stem and roots throughout the growing carbon gain, allocation and use. To ensure survival, season (Dickson, 1991 ;Coleman et al., 1995). Not plants have to cope with a variety of environmental surprisingly, ozone, which predominantly affects variables such as ozone or nutrient availability. The these older leaves, often leads to reduced root:shoot basic responses to ozone primarily take place at the ratios, as shown for forest trees such as birch {Betula biochemical and physiological levels in leaves. Nu-pendula, Matyssek et al. (1992)) and poplar {Pop-merous effects on photosynthesis and carbohydrate ulusx euramericana, Matyssek et al. (1993)). Recent metabolism resulting in alterations to translocation results with the same poplar species have revealed and growth have been reported (Darrall 1989). In that there is a dynamic response o...

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“…Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate was extracted in a buffer containing 100 mM y^-mercaptoethanol at pH 10 and 5% polyvinylpolypyrrohdone (PVPP), and assayed through the activation of pyrophosphate fructose 6-phosphate kinase according to Wingler et al (1994). Extraction and determination of ATP and ADP were based on the method described by Hampp (1985).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ozone‐induced accumulation of carbohydrates changes enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism in birch leaves

et al. 1997

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SUMMARYBirch cuttings {Betula pendula Roth) were grown in a sand-culture system with two concentrations (0-05, HF and 0-005%, LF) of fertilizer containing macronutrients and micronutrients, and were exposed to 90/40 nll"^ O3 (day/night) and < 3 nl T^ O3 (control) for one growing season in the field fumigation chambers at Birmensdorf (Switzerland). Leaves of different ages were analysed for gas exchange, contents of chlorophyll, protein, and for metabolites as well as enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism.Ozone reduced net photosynthesis and chlorophyll contents in mature leaves of both fertilization treatments, whereas that of protein was only reduced in high-fertilized plants (HF). However, net photosynthesis, chlorophyll, and protein increased in young leaves of low'-fertilized plants (LF). The effects of ozone on enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism were most pronounced in leaves of LF plants. Specific activities of the sucrose-cleaving enzymes, sucrose synthase and alkaline invertase, were induced, whereas acid invertase was unchanged. Extractable activity of sucrose phosphate synthase, which is a key enzyme of sucrose synthesis, was reduced. Levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, an inhibitor of sucrose synthesis, were increased in leaves of O3/LF plants, but reduced in O3/HF plants. In addition, activities of enzymes involved in starch metabolism, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch phosphorylase, were lowered in ozone-treated samples and the ratio of ATP: ADP was increased.It is concluded that chronic ozone exposure leads to an inhibition of sucrose synthesis and favours sucrose degradation. This effect is modulated by the nutrient status of the plants, indicating higher O3 tolerance in HF plants. Furthermore, as the metabolic responses in the ozone-treated samples resemble very closely those observed under end-product inhibition of photosynthesis, we assume that the O3 effect is mainly due to reduced photosynthate export.

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Influence of different nutrient regimes on the regulation of carbon metabolism in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] seedlings

Cited by 26 publications

References 54 publications

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

Molecular characterization of a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in the gymnosperm Picea abies (Norway spruce)

Effect of fertilization on ozone‐induced changes in the metabolism of birch (Betula pendula) leaves

Ozone‐induced accumulation of carbohydrates changes enzyme activities of carbohydrate metabolism in birch leaves

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