Influence of different levels of dissolved oxygen on the success of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) egg hatching and embryonic development

Mejri, Sahar; Tremblay, Réjean; Lambert, Yvan; Audet, Céline

doi:10.1007/s00227-012-1957-y

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Eggs and larvae of these species are less likely to encounter low oxygen concentrations in their natural habitat and have been hypothesized to be more sensitive to hypoxic conditions (Miller et al, 2002). Eggs of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides), a cold-water species, hatched at DO levels as low as 20% of oxygen saturation (Mejri et al, 2012). In contrast, the estuarine black bream (Acanthopagrus butcheri), a relatively warm-water species, showed a delayed embryonic development at 45% saturation (3.1 mg DO L −1 ), a treatment that also resulted in 100% deformed larvae (Hassell et al, 2008).…”

Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Bardon‐Albaret

Saillant

2016

Aquaculture

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a b s t r a c tThe effects of hypoxic conditions and elevated ammonia concentrations on the viability of embryos and newly hatched larvae of the red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were investigated. In all experiments, tested levels of hypoxia or ammonia concentrations were applied to embryos and unfed newly hatched larvae from three different spawns. Exposures began at 1 h post fertilization (pf) and lasted until all individuals in a group had expired. Survival rates were monitored daily in duplicates for each spawn in each treatment. Fertilized eggs exposed to 2 mg L −1 dissolved oxygen (29% saturation) showed complete mortality before hatch while 81% of embryos in control groups (N 85% saturation) hatched and subsequently maintained high survival until 5 days pf. Exposure to a moderate hypoxia (target 3 mg L −1 , 43% saturation) reduced significantly the hatch rate and subsequent survival rates; the magnitude of the difference in survival rate between control and exposed groups increased from 10% at hatch to 45% at 5 days pf. When oxygen concentration was maintained high (83% saturation) until 36 h pf and then progressively reduced to reach 3 mg L −1 at 2 days pf, the survival of exposed embryos and larvae did not differ significantly from those recorded in control groups, although potential delayed or cumulative effects of the treatment after 4 days pf could not be evaluated in this experiment. Embryos exposed to 10 mg L −1 total ammonia (TA-N), which corresponded to unionized ammonia (UIA-N) concentrations ranging between 0.307 and 0.468 mg L −1 in the conditions of the experiment, exhibited significantly reduced hatch rates and complete mortality between 3 and 4 days pf; the latter period corresponds to the onset of exogenous feeding of red snapper. In contrast, control groups (TA-N b 0.26 mg L −1 , UIA-N b 0.006 mg L −1 ) maintained high survival rates beyond 5 days pf indicating potential to successfully initiate exogenous feeding. Exposure to 1 mg L −1 TA-N (0.020 mg L −1 b UIA-N b 0.054 mg L −1 ) did not alter significantly survival with respect to control groups. Significant interactions between the spawn and the tolerance to hypoxia or elevated ammonia were detected in both experiments, indicating that variations among spawns need to be accounted for when determining safe levels for hatchery production. Statement of relevanceAchieving a reliable supply of high quality eggs and larvae is one of the main challenges of the developing marine aquaculture industry. Most studies to date have focused on maternal determinants of egg quality but the viability of embryos and newly hatched larvae can be impacted after fertilization if environmental conditions become unfavorable due to intensive hatchery conditions; this topic is poorly documented in marine fishes to date. This study provides data on the effects of two major stressors acting under high density culture (hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration) on embryos and newly hatched larvae of the red snapper; the results highlight the importance to conside...

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Section: Tablementioning

confidence: 96%

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Bardon‐Albaret

Saillant

2016

Aquaculture

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“…1. Mean hatching success (%) for Greenland halibut embryos obtained from three females exposed to four levels of dissolved oxygen (mean SD) (modified from Mejri et al 2012). neutral lipids detected) in Greenland halibut eggs exposed to different dissolved oxygen (DO) levels (100, 35, 20, and 10% sat) at 14 days post fertilization.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it has already been shown that the lethal DO threshold level for the early life stages of this species is between 10 and 20% sat, with hatching occurring at DO levels as low as 20% sat, suggesting adaptation to hypoxia (Mejri et al 2012). However, the same authors also showed large differences in egg quality among females.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…The egg sampling procedures and the experimental design for Greenland halibut were previously detailed in Mejri et al (2012). Briefly, mature fish were captured by Canada) and kept in , salinity 32) with flow-through seawater until we were able to collect the hydrated eggs from three different females, which were fertilized by the sperm of a single male.…”

Section: Experimental Design and Egg Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing fatty acid remodelling during embryogenesis in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) exposed to hypoxia

et al. 2016

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Eggs of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) are subjected to hypoxic conditions in the deep waters of the Estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence during their development. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was potential remodelling of fatty acids (FA) during embryogenesis in eggs exposed to several levels of dissolved oxygen (DO). Fertilized eggs were exposed to four DO levels: severely hypoxic (10 and 20% sat [percent saturation]), moderately hypoxic (35% sat), and normoxic (100% sat). No FA remodelling was observed in eggs submitted to the different DO levels. The most abundant FA in the polar lipid fraction were docosahexaenoic (DHA, 22: 6 n-3) and eicosapentaenoic (EPA, 20: 5 n-3) acids (26 and 22%, respectively), the latter being positively correlated with hatching success. Batches with low hatching success were characterized by eggs with decreased levels of polar EPA and DHA at the end of embryogenesis. Whatever the hatching success, the proportion of FA in the neutral fraction was always significantly lower compared to the polar fraction. Oleic acid (18: 1 n-9) (17%) was the main FA found in this fraction; together with gondoic acid (20:1 n-9), they explained most of the variation in hatching success.

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“…Intertidal invertebrates may be more tolerant as they are adapted to fluctuating environmental conditions (Leiva et al, 2015). By contrast, Vaquer-Sunyer & Duarte (2011) found that crustaceans were the least tolerant to hypoxia of all organisms they tested and that some tolerant groups such as bivalves may benefit from hypoxia due to reduced predation and competition, in a similar way to R. hippoglossoides (Mejri et al, 2012;Dupont-Prinet et al, 2013b). Although bivalves may be more tolerant, sessile organisms will be generally more vulnerable as they cannot usually move to localities with higher oxygen concentrations if they need to, unlike mobile species such as fin fishes.…”

Section: Physiological Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fisheries, low oxygen and climate change: how much do we really know?

Townhill

Pinnegar

Righton

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Biology

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As a result of long-term climate change, regions of the ocean with low oxygen concentrations are predicted to occur more frequently and persist for longer periods of time in the future. When low levels of oxygen are present, this places additional pressure on marine organisms to meet their metabolic requirements, with implications for growth, feeding and reproduction. Extensive research has been carried out on the effects of acute hypoxia, but far less on long-term chronic effects of low oxygen zones, especially with regard to commercially important fishes and shellfishes. To provide further understanding on how commercial species could be affected, the results of relevant experiments must support population and ecosystem models. This is not easy because individual effects are wide-ranging; for example, studies to date have shown that low oxygen zones can affect predator-prey relationships as some species are able to tolerate low oxygen more than others. Some fishes may move away from areas until oxygen levels return to acceptable levels, while others take advantage of a reduced start response in prey fishes and remain in the area to feed. Sessile or less mobile species such as shellfishes are unable to move out of depleted oxygen zones. Some species can tolerate low oxygen levels for only short periods of time, while others are able to acclimatize. To advance the knowledge-base further, a number of promising technological and modelling-based developments and the role of physiological data within these, are proposed. These include advances in remote telemetry (tagging) and sensor technologies, trait-based analyses to provide insight into how whole assemblages might respond in the future, research into long-term adaptability of species, population and ecosystem modelling techniques and quantification of economic effects. In addition, more detailed oxygen monitoring and projections are required to better understand the likely temporal and local-scale changes in oxygen.

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Influence of different levels of dissolved oxygen on the success of Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) egg hatching and embryonic development

Cited by 10 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Effects of hypoxia and elevated ammonia concentration on the viability of red snapper embryos and early larvae

Assessing fatty acid remodelling during embryogenesis in Greenland halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides) exposed to hypoxia

Fisheries, low oxygen and climate change: how much do we really know?

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