Influence of Different Levels of Invasion With Amorpha Fruticosa of the Grassland Vegetation on Some Soil Features

Abstract

Amorpha fruticosa L. (false indigo bush) is an invasive shrub species from Fabaceae family originating from North America. Nowadays this species creates great problems because it is invading floodplains along the rivers from Europe, even the Danube River floodplain reaching to the Danube Delta. The floodplain area of the river Mure? is highly affected by this invasion, this species occupying great surfaces of grassland and arable land. The researches were developed on the lowland area alongside the river Mure? (Arad County, western Romania) in the perimeter of the locality Pecica, respectively belonging to Mures Floodplain Natural Park. The purpose of the work was to characterize different relationships between the features of the grassland vegetation with soil features in three different situations, respectively permanent grassland, grassland totally invaded with A. fruticosa, and transitional grassland partially invaded with A. fruticosa. The soil samples were collected from 0 - 25 cm depth. The researches were investigated the influence of the false indigo bush invaded grassland on the soil features as pH, nitrogen index, total nitrogen, humus content, phosphorus, potassium and carbonates. The considered grassland vegetation features related with the soil features were: floristic composition (main functional groups of plants, some biodiversity indexes and pastoral value. The obtained results showed the existence of complex relationships among the analysed vegetation and soil features.

Genetic and Chemical Approaches to Manage Rye Leaf Rust (Puccinia Recondita F.SP. Secalis) in Natural Conditions From Marginal Areas

“…Marginal lands are associated with severe land degradation, low crop productivity, and high environmental risk, and high impact of biotic and abiotic constrainers exacerbated by climate changes (Barbier, 1989;EEA, 2017;Bonciu, 2019;Matei et al, 2020;Partal and Paraschivu, 2020;Lal, 2021;Malhi et al, 2021;Paraschivu et al, 2021). Despite the negative effect of climate changes, agricultural production increased significantly over the past few decades as a result of numerous changes in agricultural systems brought about by the interaction of numerous factors, including globalization in food production, genetic advancement, biotechnologies, improved cropping technologies, better pest, disease and weed management and agricultural digitalization (Butnariu et al, 2006;Partal et al, 2013;Sărăţeanu et al, 2013;Partal et al, 2014;Sărățeanu et al, 2016;Bonciu, 2018;Cichi and Cichi, 2018;Cichi and Cichi, 2019a;Cichi and Cichi, 2019b;Sărățeanu et al, 2019;Bonciu, 2020a;Bonciu, 2020b;Sărățeanu et al, 2020;Bonciu et al, 2021;Bonciu et al, 2022;De Souza and Bonciu, 2022a;De Souza and Bonciu, 2022b). Worldwide, one of the negative effects of climate change is that some pathogens and pests tend to become more aggressive even in cropping systems based on crops diversification by minor cereals (Cotuna et al, 2013;Paraschivu et al, 2015;Paraschivu et al, 2016;Cotuna et al, 2018;Paraschivu et al, 2019;Juroszek et al, 2020).…”

“…Despite the negative effect of climate changes, agricultural production increased significantly over the past few decades as a result of numerous changes in agricultural systems brought about by the interaction of numerous factors, including globalization in food production, genetic advancement, biotechnologies, improved cropping technologies, better pest, disease and weed management and agricultural digitalization (Butnariu et al, 2006;Partal et al, 2013;Sărăţeanu et al, 2013;Partal et al, 2014;Sărățeanu et al, 2016;Bonciu, 2018;Cichi and Cichi, 2018;Cichi and Cichi, 2019a;Cichi and Cichi, 2019b;Sărățeanu et al, 2019;Bonciu, 2020a;Bonciu, 2020b;Sărățeanu et al, 2020;Bonciu et al, 2021;Bonciu et al, 2022;De Souza and Bonciu, 2022a;De Souza and Bonciu, 2022b). Worldwide, one of the negative effects of climate change is that some pathogens and pests tend to become more aggressive even in cropping systems based on crops diversification by minor cereals (Cotuna et al, 2013;Paraschivu et al, 2015;Paraschivu et al, 2016;Cotuna et al, 2018;Paraschivu et al, 2019;Juroszek et al, 2020). Rye (Secale cereale) is a minor cereal, closely related to barley and wheat, having a major role in crop species diversity in temperate regions of Central and Eastern Europe, especially in marginal environments where soil and climate are unfavourable for wheat production.…”