Influence of different curing systems on the physico-mechanical properties and stability of SBR and NR rubbers

Basfar, Ahmed A.; Abdelaziz, M.; Mofti, S

doi:10.1016/s0969-806x(01)00486-8

Cited by 64 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Furthermore, cleavage of C-S crosslinks and formation of C-C crosslinks in RTR will lead to a less elastic system which dissipates more energy as heat (Basfar et al, 2002, Hernández et al, 2015. Chakraborty et al (2011) showed improvement in EB irradiated tire components (previously sulphur crosslinked) due to formation of C-C bond.…”

Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Non-degradable waste tire generation around the world is growing at an alarming rate. Diversifying the recycling route of these waste tires is essential to solve the problem. One way is to incorporate them into polymers and convert them into new products. However, incorporation of ground tire rubber into thermoplastics has been hampered due to lack of toughness and adhesion between phases. To address the issue, this study utilized reclaimed waste tire rubber (RTR) instead; and evaluated the properties of RTR and poly(ethyleneco-vinyl acetate) (EVA) blends. The properties of the RTR/EVA blends were further enhanced by compatibilization and electron beam irradiation.Processing, mechanical, thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of RTR were tremendously improved by blending with EVA. However, the interfacial adhesion was found to lack in the blends. Compatibilization by reactive, physical and combination strategies were explored utilizing (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxy silane (APS), liquid styrene butadiene rubber (LR) and maleated EVA (MAEVA), respectively. APS and MAEVA were found to be the most and least favourable compatibilizer, respectively. Apart from functioning as reactive compatibilizer, APS also reclaimed the RTR phase further. These lead to improved dispersion of smaller RTR phase in EVA matrix and enhanced the interfacial adhesion.Electron beam irradiation revealed the presence of radical stabilizing and scavenging additives within RTR which retards the crosslinking process in RTR and RTR/EVA blends. Though chain scissions were predominant; study showed the replacement of S-S and S-C bonds with stronger and stiffer C-C bonds ensures the retention of RTR and RTR/EVA blends properties upon irradiation.Compatibilization of RTR/EVA blend by APS (50RTR/5APS) also improved the crosslinking efficiency. However, the blend still suffered from oxidative degradation from irradiation in air. Radiation sensitizers, trimethylol propane triacrylate (TMPTA), tripropylene glycol diacrylate (TPGDA) and N,N-1,3Phenylene Bismaleimide (HVA2), were used to accelerate the irradiation induced crosslinking in RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Presence of radiation sensitizers leads to simultaneous improvement in toughness and tensile strength of RTR and 50RTR/5APS blends. Elastic capacity of RTR phase was restored and interfacial adhesion enhanced in the presence of radiation sensitizers.iii

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Section: Dsc Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Ramarad

Ratnam

Khalid

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…From the table it is observed that with increase in filler loading both minimum and maximum torque increases. This may be due to increase in crosslink density with increase in filler loading [19]. With incorporation of filler cure rate (slope of cure curve) gradually increases and scorch safety (time to scorch) decreases [20,21].…”

Section: Rheometric Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physico-mechanical and electrical properties of conductive carbon black reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene vulcanizates

Nanda¹,

Tripathy²

2008

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The present work deals with the effect of conductive carbon black (Ensaco 350G) on the physico-mechanical and electrical properties of chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSM) rubber vulcanizates. The physico-mechanical properties like tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, compression set, hardness and abrasion resistance have been studied before and after heat ageing. Up to 30 parts per hundred rubber (phr) filler loading both tensile and tear strength increases beyond which it shows a decreasing trend whereas modulus gradually increases with the filler loading. Incorporation of carbon black increases the hysteresis loss of filled vulcanizates compared to gum vulcanizates. Unlike gum vulcanizate, in filled vulcanizates the rate of relaxation shows increasing trend. The bound rubber content is found to increase with increase in filler loading. Dielectric relaxation spectra were used to study the relaxation behavior as a function of frequency (100 to 10 6 Hz) at room temperature. Variation in real and imaginary parts of electric modulus has been explained on the basis of interfacial polarization of fillers in the polymer medium. The percolation limit of the conductive black as studied by ac conductivity measurements has also been reported.

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“…10,11 Owing to these advantages, irradiation vulcanization has recently received a great deal of attentions. 3,[10][11][12][13][14] Silicone rubber could be crosslinked effectively by electron beam irradiation or gamma ray irradiation. [15][16][17][18] In this work, we aim to produce silicone rubber foam through vulcanizing with electron beam irradiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

Liu

Zou

et al. 2009

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Silicone rubber foam was prepared through crosslinking with electron beam irradiation and foaming by the decomposing of blowing agent azobisformamide (AC) in hot air. The crosslinking and foaming of silicone rubber was carried out separately, which was different from the conventional method of chemical crosslinking and foaming. After foaming, the silicone rubber foam was irradiated again to stabilize the foam structure and further improve its mechanical properties. The effects of irradiation dose before and after foaming, and the amount of blowing agents on the structure and properties of silicone rubber foam were studied. The experimental results show that with the increase of AC content, the average cell diameter of silicone rubber foam increases a little, the foam density decreases to a minimum value when AC content is 10 phr. With the increase of irradiation dose before foaming from 10 to 17.5 kGy, the cell nucleation density of silicone rubber foam increases, the average cell diameter decreases, and the foam density increases. With the increase of irradiation before foaming, the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and the elongation at break of the silicone rubber foam increase. Through irradiation crosslinking again after foaming, the foam density is decreased and the mechanical properties of silicone foam are further improved.

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Influence of different curing systems on the physico-mechanical properties and stability of SBR and NR rubbers

Cited by 64 publications

References 6 publications

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Improving the properties of reclaimed waste tire rubber by blending with poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) and electron beam irradiation

Physico-mechanical and electrical properties of conductive carbon black reinforced chlorosulfonated polyethylene vulcanizates

Structure and properties of closed‐cell foam prepared from irradiation crosslinked silicone rubber

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