Influence of Different Contact Conditions on Friction Properties of AISI 430 Steel Sheet with Deep Drawing Quality

Within the drilling, petrochemical, construction, and related industries, coatings are used to recover components that failed during service or to prevent potential failures. Due to high stresses, such as wear and corrosion, which the materials are subjected to, industries require the application of coating between dissimilar materials, such as carbon steels and stainless steels, through arc welding processes. In this work, an austenitic stainless steel (ER308) coating was applied to an H13 tool steel substrate using the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) robotic process. The heat input during the process was calculated to establish a relationship between the geometry obtained in the coating and its dilution percentage. Furthermore, the evolution of the microstructure of the coating, interface, and substrate was evaluated using XRD and SEM techniques. Notably, the presence of martensite at the interface was observed. The mechanical behavior of the welded assembly was analyzed through Vickers microhardness, and a pin-on-disk wear test was employed to assess its wear resistance. It was found that the dilution percentage is around 18% at high heat input (0.813 kJ/mm) but decreases to about 14% with reduced heat input. Microhardness tests revealed that at the interface, the maximum value is reached at about 625 HV due to the presence of quenched martensite. Moreover, increasing the heat input favors wear resistance.

“…This leads to what is known as adhesive wear. Once this point is reached, the test exhibits a stable friction behavior, known as the stick-slip effect [74].…”

Section: Wear Testmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation of Austenitic Stainless Steel ER308 Coating on H13 Tool Steel by Robotic GMAW Process

Hernandez-Flores,

Rodriguez-Vargas,

Stornelli

et al. 2023

“…Moreover, the absence of nickel (Ni) in FSS makes the material more economical compared to other types of stainless steels. There has been the development of a new category of heat-resistant FSS alloys containing alloying elements such as Nb, Ti, and Mo, intended to replace 304 austenitic stainless steels (ASS) in various environments, specifically in automobile vent pipes, where exceptional corrosion resistance and formability are necessary [25,26]. However, the addition of these alloying elements can result in the formation of precipitates such as TiC, TiN, and NbC in the form of carbides and nitrides, especially in super-FSS (as it contains a higher content of Cr and Mo) [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolution of Microstructure and Crystallographic Texture in Deformed and Annealed BCC Metals and Alloys: A Review

Tandon,

Park,

Khatirkar

et al. 2024

Dislocation slips, twinning, shear banding (SBs), strain localization, and martensite formation are a few deformation modes that are activated in BCC metals and alloys. Strain, strain rate, and deformation temperature are other parameters that determine the activation of deformation modes in BCC alloys. This review focuses on several BCC alloys, such as beta-titanium (β-Ti), tantalum (Ta), and ferritic stainless steels (FSSs), all of which exhibit differences in deformation behavior. These alloys often undergo thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) to enhance their mechanical properties. TMP leads to the evolution of deformation-induced products, such as SBs, strain-induced martensite (SIM), strain localizations, and mechanical/deformation twins (DTs) during plastic deformation, while also influencing crystallographic texture. The deformation modes in β-Ti depend upon the stability of the β-phase (i.e., β-stabilizers); low-stability alloys show the formation of SIM along with slips and twins, whereas in highly stable β-Ti alloys, only slip+twin modes are observed as the primary deformation mechanisms. In the case of Ta, slip activity predominantly occurs on {110} planes, but it can also occur on planes with the highest resolved shear stress. The breakdown of Schmid’s law or non-Schmid behavior for Ta and Ta-W alloys has been discussed in detail. The cold rolling (CR) of FSSs results in the formation of ridges, which is an undesirable phenomenon leading to very low formability. The microstructures of the rolled sheets consist of elongated ferrite grains with in-grain SBs, which are preferentially formed in the γ-fiber-oriented grains. The formation of finer grains after recrystallization improves both the mechanical properties and ridging resistance in FSS. Therefore, this review comprehensively reports on the impact of TMP on the microstructural and crystallographic texture evolution during the plastic deformation and annealing treatment of β-Ti, Ta alloys, and FSSs in BCC materials, using results obtained from electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction.

“…In this test, a force is applied to one end of the sample to cause movement relative to the bending pin. At the other end of the sample, a force opposite to the movement is applied when subjecting it to the effect of stretching [4]. The test is designed for studying the influence of parameters on friction and limits of lubrication, simulating stamping operations [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next-Generation Lubricity in Deep Drawing: The Synergistic Benefits of PIL and Talc on Water-Based Lubricants

de Castro,

Ev,

Noronha

et al. 2024

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of water-based formulations featuring m-2HEAOL and talc particles in deep drawing applications. The coefficient of friction (COF) was measured through bending under tension (BUT) tests, while the interaction mechanism between protic ionic liquid (PIL) and talc particles was analysed using FTIR, XPS, and TGA analyses. The results indicate that the formulation containing 8 wt% PIL and 0.5 wt% talc exhibited the best lubricating performance. This was due to the interaction of the PIL oleate molecules with the Mg found in the talc basal layer, which enhanced the cleavage capacity of this mineral, ultimately improving the lubricity of the formulation.