Influence of Different Breathing Frequencies on the Severity of Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue Induced by High-Intensity Front Crawl Swimming

Jakovljevic, Djordje G.; McConnell, Alison

doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318199d707

Cited by 29 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…However, recently Vogiatzis et al reported diaphragmatic fatigue after 5 minutes of cycling at ;85% peak power in active individuals. Interestingly, studies using high-intensity swimming and rowing have reported RMF after ;3-6 minutes of exercise (20,23,34). In this study, neither ;5 minutes of continuous high-intensity cycling nor seven 1-minute intervals at 90% peak power resulted in RMF in moderately active subjects.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Absence of Respiratory Muscle Fatigue in High-Intensity Continuous or Interval Cycling Exercise

Kurti

Smith²,

Emerson³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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Respiratory muscle fatigue (RMF) occurs during prolonged exercise (∼15-20 minutes) at >85% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max. However, RMF has been reported to occur in ∼3-6 minutes in various modes of exercise at a high intensity. It is not known if continuous cycling exercise vs. repeated bouts of high-intensity interval training (HIT) at >85% V[Combining Dot Above]O2max will lead to RMF. We hypothesized that RMF would occur after a constant load test and would be present before end exercise in an HIT protocol. Eight moderately active healthy men (21.7 ± 1.7 years; 181.3 ± 5.2 cm; 81.3 ± 2.3 kg) completed a V[Combining Dot Above]O2max test on a cycle ergometer. Subjects then completed 2 bouts of HIT (7 × 1 minute, 2-minute recovery between intervals) and 3 bouts of continuous exercise (CE) tests at 90% of peak power (determined from an incremental exercise test to exhaustion). Maximal inspiratory pressure (PIMAX) and expiratory pressure (PEMAX) were measured pre- and post-exercise for both HIT and CE and after each interval during HIT. Decreases in postexercise PIMAX and PEMAX compared with baseline were used to determine RMF. There were no differences (p > 0.05) in PIMAX or PEMAX pre- to post-exercise for HIT (PIMAX pre: 134 ± 51, post: 135 ± 50 cmH2O; PEMAX pre: 143 ± 41, post: 148 ± 46 cmH2O) or CE (PIMAX pre: 135 ± 54, post: 133 ± 52 cmH2O; PEMAX pre: 146 ± 46, post: 148 ± 46 cmH2O) indicating RMF was not present following CE and HIT. These data suggest that repeated high-intensity cycling exercise at 90% peak power in a CE or HIT protocol does not lead to RMF.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 51%

“…However, RMF has been recently reported to occur in a shorter duration (;3-6 minutes) after high-intensity rowing, swimming, and cycling (20,23,34). For example, Voliantis et al reported RMF after 6 minutes of high-intensity (allout) rowing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Absence of Respiratory Muscle Fatigue in High-Intensity Continuous or Interval Cycling Exercise

Kurti

Smith²,

Emerson³

et al. 2015

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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“…Inspiratory muscle fatigue has been reported after distances of 100-, 200-, 300-, and 400-m FC swimming (3,8,11,19) and has been shown to negatively affect SR, SL, and f b (10). Surprisingly, however, no studies have examined whether IMF occurs in response to BK, BR, and FLY race-paced swimming let alone the impact of such fatigue on performance.…”

Section: Experimental Approach To the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T he occurrence of inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) has been reported after front crawl (FC) swimming distances of 100 m (3), 200 m (8,11), 300 m, and 400 m (20). Although IMF is detrimental to terrestrial exercise performance (13,15), it is only recently that its impact on swimming performance has been examined (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue After Race-Paced Swimming Is Not Restricted to the Front Crawl Stroke

Lomax

Iggleden

Tourell

et al. 2012

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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The occurrence of inspiratory muscle fatigue (IMF) has been documented after front crawl (FC) swimming of various distances. Whether IMF occurs after other competitive swimming strokes is not known. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of all 4 competitive swimming strokes on the occurrence of IMF after race-paced swimming and to determine whether the magnitude of IMF was related to the breathing pattern adopted and hence breathing frequency (f(b)). Eleven, nationally ranked, youth swimmers completed four 200-m swims (one in each competitive stroke) on separate occasions. The order of the swims, which consisted of FC, backstroke (BK), breaststroke (BR), and butterfly (FLY), was randomized. Maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (MIP) was assessed before (after a swimming and inspiratory muscle warm-up) and after each swim with f(b) calculated post swim from recorded data. Inspiratory muscle fatigue was evident after each 200-m swim (p < 0.05) but did not differ between the 4 strokes (range 18-21%). No relationship (p > 0.05) was observed between f(b) and the change in MIP (FC: r = -0.456; BK: r = 0.218; BR: r = 0.218; and FLY: r = 0.312). These results demonstrate that IMF occurs in response to 200-m race-paced swimming in all strokes and that the magnitude of IMF is similar between strokes when breathing is ad libitum occurring no less than 1 breath (inhalation) every third stroke.

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“…RBF training can be done either at low or high lung volumes with RBF at high lung volume being more similar to H-H training. Studies indicate that RBF training at high lung volumes can increase tidal volume during incremental exercise and decrease the ventilatory response to exercise induced hypercapnia (14,18,20). Moreover, Kapus et al also reported the effects of RBF training in swimmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of hypercapnic-hypoxic training on respiratory muscle strength and front crawl stroke performance among elite swimmers

Karaula

Homolak²,

Leko³

2016

Turk J Sport Exe

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The aim of this resent study was to determine the effects of an 8-week hypercapnic-hypoxic (H-H or apnea) training program on respiratory muscles strength and 100 meter crawl swimming performance. The study was conducted on a sample of 26 Croatian elite swimmers (experimental group [EG] n=12, control group [CG] n=14). Both groups were subjected to the same swimming training programs and training sessions on a treadmill. The experimental group was additionally subjected to hypercapnic-hypoxic training program with increased muscular activity. Date on the following outcome variables were collected: the strength of respiratory muscles (maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP)), 100m front crawl swimming time (R100m) and breathing frequency during the same test (BF100m). A series of two way repeated measures ANOVAs has shown significant interactions between group (EG and CG) and the repeated-measure factor (pre-and post-test) (MIP: p = 0.006, MEP: p < 0.001, R100m, p < 0.001, FB100m, p < 0.001), all showing greater efficacy of the experimental program. It seems that the hypercapnic-hypoxic training program may provide substantial benefits for elite swimmers, in addition to their standard training sessions.

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Influence of Different Breathing Frequencies on the Severity of Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue Induced by High-Intensity Front Crawl Swimming

Cited by 29 publications

References 28 publications

Absence of Respiratory Muscle Fatigue in High-Intensity Continuous or Interval Cycling Exercise

Absence of Respiratory Muscle Fatigue in High-Intensity Continuous or Interval Cycling Exercise

Inspiratory Muscle Fatigue After Race-Paced Swimming Is Not Restricted to the Front Crawl Stroke

Effects of hypercapnic-hypoxic training on respiratory muscle strength and front crawl stroke performance among elite swimmers

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