Influence of dietary probiotic Bacillus TC22 and Prebiotic fructooligosaccharide on growth, immune responses and disease resistance against Vibrio splendidus infection in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus

Abstract

The effects of probiotic Bacillus TC22 (isolated from intestine of infected sea cucumber) and prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth, immunity and disease resistance in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were studied. Six experimental diets were formulated with combinations of three levels of TC22 (0, 10 7 and 10 9 CFU g −1 diet) and two levels of FOS (0 and 0.5%) in a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. At the end of the 8-week feeding trial, animals were challenged by injecting Vibrio splendidus. The results revealed that the specific growth rates (SGR) of sea cucumbers were not affected by TC22 and FOS, or the interaction between TC22 and FOS (P > 0.05). However, there were significant interactions between TC22 and FOS for immune response and disease resistance in sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). When sea cucumbers were fed with TC22 at 10 9 CFU g −1 feed and 0.5% FOS alone or in combination, the phagocytosis, respiratory burst and phenoloxidase activity of sea cucumber coelomocytes were significantly enhanced; the disease resistance against V. splendidus infection was also increased significantly (P < 0.05). However, dietary combination of TC22 at 10 9 CFU g −1 diet and 0.5% FOS did not yield significantly higher efficiency than either TC22 at 10 9 CFU g −1 diet or 0.5% FOS used alone (P > 0.05). Therefore, further studies should examine the effects of combinations of other levels of FOS (> 0.5% or < 0.5%) and TC22 on the immunity and disease resistance of sea cucumbers.

Effects of Jerusalem artichoke powder on the growth performance, nonspecific immunity, and gastrointestinal microbiota of sea cucumber

“…Therefore, developing functional ingredients, or prebiotics, is considered to be an important element in improving feed supplementation for aquaculture (Akhter, Wu, Memon, & Mohsin, ). The addition of prebiotics can enhance the growth, health, disease resistance, immune response, and microbiota of aquatic animals (Cerezuela et al, ; Hoseinifar, Soleimani, & Ringø, ; Lin, Xing, Jiang, Tang, & Zhan, ; Zhang et al, and Zhao, Mai et al, ).…”

Effects of Bacillus spp. on growth, gut microbiota compositions and immunity of sea cucumber ( Apostichopus japonicus )

“…This has led to the implementation of strict regulations regarding the use of antibiotics in sea culture cultivation, with a ban on the use of antibiotics during cultivation in several countries. Therefore, the use of probiotics has been proposed as an alternative method of managing health in sea cucumber cultivation, as well as in general aquaculture (Liu et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2009; Yan et al, 2014; Zhao et al, 2011).…”

“…Probiotics are microorganisms that exert potential health benefits in their hosts, such as improving immunity, increasing stress and pathogen resistance, enhancing growth performance and altering the commensal microbiota of the gut (Hill et al, 2014; Rijkers et al, 2011). The members of the genus Bacillus are probiotics commonly used in aquaculture (Zhao et al, 2011). In the cultivation of sea cucumbers, the Bacillus strains originally isolated from sea cucumber gastrointestinal tracts have been investigated more thoroughly as a potential probiotic; this is due to their existing adaptations which allow them to thrive in this ecological niche (Zhao et al, 2016).…”

Efficacy of Bacillus cereus strain BP‐MBRG/1b and prebiotic fructooligosaccharides dietary supplementation on growth performance and disease resistance of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Mann) towards Aeromonas hydrophila AH‐1N

“…The commonly used prebiotics are inulin, fructooligosaccharides (FOS), short‐chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS), mannanoligosaccharides (MOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS), xylooligosaccharides (XOS), arabinoxylooligosaccharides (AXOS), isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) and GroBiotic ® ‐A (Ringø et al., 2010). The combination of probiotics and prebiotics known as synbiotics also demonstrated promising results as disease prophylactics, growth enhancer and immunomodulator (Ai et al., 2011; Daniels et al., 2013; Zhang et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2011). In this study, the growth performance and disease resistance of M. rosenbergii juveniles fed with QS probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic diet with and without the presence of QS pathogenic strain A. hydrophila AH‐1N were evaluated.…”