Influence of dietary fatty acid composition on the relationship between CETP activity and plasma lipoproteins in monkeys

Abstract

CETP activity, measured as transfer of cholesteryl ester from exogenous HDL to exogenous VLDL and LDL, reflecting CETP mass as determined by ELISA, was documented in three groups of St. Kitts vervet monkeys fed diets enriched in saturated (Sat), monounsaturated (Mono), or n-6 polyunsaturated (Poly) fatty acids. CETP activity was not different when comparing the three dietary fats. However, CETP activity was significantly higher when cholesterol was added to each of the diets. Significant positive associations between CETP activity and VLDL and LDL cholesterol concentrations were found whereas significant negative associations were seen between CETP activity and HDL cholesterol in each of the diet groups. The strength of these associations was highest in the Sat group. Cholesteryl ester (CE) fatty acid composition of lipoproteins varied widely among diet groups, with the more polyunsaturated CE of the Poly group being associated with a higher rate of CE transfer to endogenous acceptor apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins.Finally, only the Sat diet group showed significant positive correlations of CETP activity with LDL particle diameter ( r ‫؍‬ 0.76), cholesteryl ester percentage ( r ‫؍‬ 0.67), and a strong negative correlation ( r ‫؍‬ ؊ 0.86) with LDL receptor function, estimated as the difference between native and methylated LDL turnover rates. We speculate that strong associations between CETP and LDL metabolism may explain, at least in part, the increased atherogenicity of dietary saturated fat. -Fusegawa, Y.

A Nutrigenetic Update on CETP Gene–Diet Interactions on Lipid-Related Outcomes

“…Thus, while these two studies were both conducted in patients with T2D, there is a wide variation in frequency of the ‘B1B1’ genotype between the two studies and this affects the interpretation of the findings. In an animal study performed in feral adult male St. Kitts vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus ) [ 44 ], SFA was shown to increase CETP activity, thereby reducing HDL levels which might explain the findings of the study in the American population [ 13 ]. However, in the animal study [ 44 ], the effect of SFA on CETP activity was only observed when cholesterol was added to the diet.…”

“…In an animal study performed in feral adult male St. Kitts vervet monkeys ( Cercopithecus aethiops sabeus ) [ 44 ], SFA was shown to increase CETP activity, thereby reducing HDL levels which might explain the findings of the study in the American population [ 13 ]. However, in the animal study [ 44 ], the effect of SFA on CETP activity was only observed when cholesterol was added to the diet. SFA has also been shown to lower the number of LDL receptors in the liver, which slows the removal of apolipoprotein B (ApoB)–containing lipoproteins [ 45 ], with the resulting effect of a decrease in HDL levels.…”

Interaction between CETP Taq1B polymorphism and HEI, DQI and DPI on metabolic biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes

“…CETP activity could be affected by both gene 50 and environmental factors such as diet, 51 especially in people with T2DM. Based on our knowledge, the present study investigates, for the first time, the interaction between diet quality indices, including; HEI, DQI and DPI and CETP Taq1B polymorphism.…”

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 genetic screening using the vervet (Chlorocebus aethiops) model

“…26 In this study, the vervet monkey model was utilized because of the similarities that appear to exist with humans in terms of the intravascular metabolism of cholesterol which are further enhanced by having an active cholesteryl ester transfer system. 27 Therefore, 16 vervet monkeys were utilized to investigate the possible presence of PCSK9 polymorphisms and their impact on CVDs.…”

“…Therefore, the current study was aimed at acquiring PCSK9 mutations that underscore heritable variations of lipoproteins, as opposed to replicating the exact genetic variants that are found in humans 26 . In this study, the vervet monkey model was utilized because of the similarities that appear to exist with humans in terms of the intravascular metabolism of cholesterol which are further enhanced by having an active cholesteryl ester transfer system 27 . Therefore, 16 vervet monkeys were utilized to investigate the possible presence of PCSK9 polymorphisms and their impact on CVDs.…”