Influence of Dietary Chitosan Feeding Duration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model

Liu, Shing‐Hwa; Feng, Shih An; Chiu, Chen‐Yuan; Chiang, Meng-Tsan

doi:10.3390/molecules26165033

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The effect of ameliorating glucolipid metabolism was also found in a diabetic rat model fed with a diet containing 5% chitosan. The mechanism is related to decreasing plasma TNF-α, insulin resistance, and the activities of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase by oral administration with chitosan [ 71 ]. One of the causes of insulin resistance is attributed to chronic tissue inflammation [ 72 ].…”

Section: Biological Activities Of Chitosan and Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities

Guan

Feng

2022

IJMS

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Biodegradable chitin is the second-most abundant natural polysaccharide, widely existing in the exoskeletons of crabs, shrimps, insects, and the cell walls of fungi. Chitosan and chitooligosaccharide (COS, also named chitosan oligosaccharide) are the two most important deacetylated derivatives of chitin. Compared with chitin, chitosan and COS not only have more satisfactory physicochemical properties but also exhibit additional biological activities, which cause them to be widely applied in the fields of food, medicine, and agriculture. Additionally, due to their significant ability to improve gut microbiota, chitosan and COS are deemed prospective prebiotics. Here, we introduced the production, physicochemical properties, applications, and pharmacokinetic characteristics of chitosan and COS. Furthermore, we summarized the latest research on their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Research progress on the prebiotic functions of chitosan and COS is particularly reviewed. We creatively analyzed and discussed the mechanisms and correlations underlying these activities of chitosan and COS and their physicochemical properties. Our work enriched people’s understanding of these non-plant-derived prebiotics. Based on this review, the future directions of research on chitosan and COS are explored. Collectively, optimizing the production technology of chitin derivatives and enriching understanding of their biological functions will shed more light on their capability to improve human health.

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Section: Biological Activities Of Chitosan and Cosmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities

Guan

Feng

2022

IJMS

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“…All the studies were performed in male Wistar rats, which were obtained from BioLASCO Taiwan Co., Ltd. (Taipei, Taiwan), and maintained under controlled temperature (22–24 °C), with relative humidity of 40–60%, and on a 12-h on-off lighting cycle. We decided on a total sample size of 24, with 8 rats in each group, based on our previous studies and experiences [ 30 – 32 ], and also adhered to the 3Rs principles of minimizing animal usage. To confirm that this sample size was appropriate, we performed a post hoc power calculation using G*Power software (ver.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuation of diabetes-mediated muscle atrophy in rats by fish oil enriched omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation

Liu,

Lin,

Tzeng

et al. 2023

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

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Diabetes is associated with an increased risk of muscle wasting/atrophy, which adversely affects quality of life. We hypothesized that long term supplementation of fish oil may have protective effects against sarcopenia or muscle atrophy in streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat (HF) diet-induced diabetic rat model. Wistar rats at age of 7 weeks were injected with saline or STZ to induce hyperglycemia. After one week, they were fed on a normal control diet or HF diet with/without supplementation of fish oil for 18 weeks. Feeding diabetic rats with a fish oil-enriched diet alleviated body weight loss and the impaired glucose tolerance using OGTT test. Although fish oil did not improve the decreased muscle mass, the muscle atrophy induced by diabetes was attenuated by fish oil in gastrocnemius, soleus, tibialis anterior, and extensor digitorum longus muscles. Fish oil supplementation reversed the decreased expression of phospho (p)-AKT, pmTOR, and p-p70s6k, which are molecules related to protein synthesis. Besides, protein degradation-related signaling pathways were inhibited by fish oil, such as increasing p-FoxO1 and decreasing Atrogin-1 and MURF1 protein expression. Fish oil down-regulated the expression of autophagy-related molecules including ATG5, p62, and LC3B II/I ratio, which may result in less muscle atrophy. Inflammation-related signaling regulators including TNF-α, NF-κB, AGEs, and RAGE were suppressed by fish oil supplementation as well. Moreover, the down-regulated p-AMPKα, SIRT1, and PGC-1 in diabetic rats were counteracted by fish oil, which may improve mitochondrial function and further block FoxO action. These data suggest that long-term fish oil supplementation exerts protective effects against diabetes-induced muscle atrophy, which may in turn ameliorate insulin resistance and impaired glucose tolerance.

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“…The mice were housed in a temperature-controlled room at 21°C with a 12 h light/dark cycle, and were given free access to food and water. The animals were anesthetized with a subcutaneous injection of a mixture of three types of anesthetic agents (5 mL/kg) including medetomidine (0.3 mg/kg), midazolam (4 mg/kg), and butorphanol (5 mg/kg) [13][14][15][16][17] for all experiments involving tibial fracture and cast immobilization and radiographic analysis. Mice were anesthetized by stimulating their hindlimbs with tweezers, and the depth of anesthesia was confirmed by the absence of a retraction reflex.…”

Section: Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remission of hypersensitivity by simple weight load stimuli in a complex regional pain syndrome mouse model

Kiyomoto,

Emori,

Hanaka

et al. 2023

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Painful sensitivity of the hand or foot are the most common and debilitating symptoms of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). Physical therapy is standard treatment for CRPS, but evidence supporting its efficacy is minimal and it can be essentially impossible for CRPS patients to actively exercise the painful limb. Using the well‐characterized distal tibial fracture CRPS mouse model, we compared the therapeutic effects of several weeks of daily hindlimb loading versus rotarod walking exercise. The effects of loading and exercise were evaluated by weekly testing of hind‐paw withdrawal thresholds to von Frey fibers and radiant heat, as well as measurements of paw and ankle edema. At 6 weeks after fracture, the mice were killed and the ipsilateral femur, spinal cord and L4/5 dorsal root ganglia, and hind‐paw skin collected for PCR assays and paw skin Immunohistochemistry evaluation. Hindlimb loading reduced hind‐paw von Frey allodynia and heat hyperalgesia and edema within a week and these effects persisted for at least a week after discontinuing treatment. These therapeutic effects of loading exceeded the beneficial effects observed with rotarod walking exercise in fracture mice. Levels of nerve growth factor and transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) immunostaining in the hind‐paw skin were increased at 6 weeks after fracture, and both loading and exercise treatment reduced increases. Collectively, these results suggest that loading may be an effective and possibly curative treatment in CRPS patients with sensitivity in the affected limb.

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Influence of Dietary Chitosan Feeding Duration on Glucose and Lipid Metabolism in a Diabetic Rat Model

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities

Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharide: The Promising Non-Plant-Derived Prebiotics with Multiple Biological Activities

Attenuation of diabetes-mediated muscle atrophy in rats by fish oil enriched omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation

Remission of hypersensitivity by simple weight load stimuli in a complex regional pain syndrome mouse model

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