Influence of dicamba and casein hydrolysate on somatic embryo number and culture quality in cell suspensions of Dactylis glomerata (Gramineae)

Abstract

The effects of various concentrations and combinations of dicamba (3,6-diehloro-o-anisic acid) and casein hydrolysate on growth, mucilage accumulation, somatic embryo and root development in suspension cultures ofDactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) were examined. Fresh weight of culture tissue was increased with 20/zM but not with 80 or 160~M dicamba in treatments with 1-4g/1 casein hydrolysate. Different casein hydrolysate concentrations did not alter the amount of mucilage (measured by viscosity) in the supernatant in the absence of dicamba. However, the addition of dicamba increased viscosity with 80~aM giving the maximum response. Casein hydrolysate produced the greatest viscosity at 1-3 g/1 in treatments where dicamba was present. Both dicamba and casein hydrolysate were required for development of somatic embryos. Dicamba at 40/zM with 3-4g/1 casein hydrolysate produced approximately 2000 embryos/35 ml of suspension. Root development was inhibited by dieamba and stimulated by the presence of casein hydrolysate. The usefulness of medium component manipulations for influencing somatic embryogenesis and culture quality is discussed.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Plant regeneration in Chlorophytum borivilianum Sant. et Fernand. from embryogenic callus and cell suspension culture and assessment of genetic fidelity of plants derived through somatic embryogenesis

“…Germination of somatic embryos was completely inhibited at all tested levels (1-4 %) of CH (Table 5). In suspension cultures of Dactylis glomerata, casein hydrolysate stimaulated the root development (Gray and Conger 1985) consistent with the observations in the present study in C. borivilianum. In Picea glauca somatic embryos matured in the prescence of casein hydrolysate while amino acid glutamine was absent from the culture medium (Malabadi et al 2011).…”

Plant regeneration from axillary bud derived callus in white yam (Dioscorea rotundata)

“…Organic additives such as casein hydrolysate are complex nutrients containing a mixture of up to 18 amino acids and might contain some unknown growth promoting factor (Gray and Conger 1985;George et al 2008). In the present investigation, a combination of casein hydrolysate and proline was added to MS medium containing picloram at various concentrations (0.5, 1.5, 7, and 12 mg/l) to determine their effect on callus production.…”

Inhibition of Somatic Embryogenesis in Orchardgrass by Endogenous Cytokinins

“…Somatic embryogenesis systems developed for Dactylis galomerata L. (orchardgrass or cocksfoot) are among the most advanced currently existing for the Poaceae. These include the formation of embryos directly from mesophyll cells in cultured leaf segments (4, 8) and the full development of somatic embryos in a single liquid medium (6,7,19).…”

“…Somatic embryogenesis systems developed for Dactylis galomerata L. (orchardgrass or cocksfoot) are among the most advanced currently existing for the Poaceae. These include the formation of embryos directly from mesophyll cells in cultured leaf segments (4, 8) and the full development of somatic embryos in a single liquid medium (6,7,19).Somatic embryogenic capacity in orchardgrass is highly dependent on genotype (9, 13). Genotypic differences for in vitro response, including somatic embryogenesis, have also been reported for other cereal and grass species (2,11,18), but these differences have not been related to either endogenous or exogenous PGRs.2 The requirement for an exogenously added auxin to gramineous cell and tissue cultures has been long established (21); however, the influence of cytokinins is less clear.…”