Influence of diagnostic classification on gender ratio in schizophrenia

Beauchamp, Guy; Gagnon, André

doi:10.1007/s00127-004-0844-3

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The indication for hospitalization among a significant percentage of schizophrenia patients in this study is physical aggression and as such it would be expected that there were more hospitalizations among men than women. A second explanation may be that men presenting to the hospital with active psychosis may have been preferentially diagnosed with schizophrenia, while women may have been preferentially diagnosed with affective disorder, a bias in diagnosis that has been found previously (Beauchamp & Gagnon, 2004). If this were the case in this study cohort, it would explain in part the discrepancy in admission rates between men and women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Role of Environmental Influences on Schizophrenia Admissions in Israel

Aviv

Bromberg

Baruch

et al. 2011

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

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This study demonstrated significant monthly variability in admission rates and a possible protective effect of a widely celebrated public religious holiday. A consistent effect of season upon rates of admission was not found. Future studies need to identify which specific social factors exert a protective or harmful effect and study how knowledge of these effects can be translated into clinical practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Role of Environmental Influences on Schizophrenia Admissions in Israel

Aviv

Bromberg

Baruch

et al. 2011

International Journal of Social Psychiatry

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“…They had more hospitalizations than women. In developed countries, sex has previously been reported to be significantly associated with diagnosis2,21; marital status2,11,13,18,19,32 and number of living children 32. Men are reported to have more hospitalizations and longer hospital stays than women 10,11,45.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences among Men and Women with Schizophrenia: A Study of US and Indian Samples

Thomas

Wood

Chandra³

et al. 2010

Psychiatry Investig

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ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that similar differences in psychopathology are present across cultures among men and women with schizophrenia (SZ).MethodsSex based differences were tested systematically in two independent samples from the Northeastern USA and North India using the same procedures. The clinical variables were obtained from five interview instruments.ResultsAmong the US participants, the number of significant differences exceeded chance predictions (15/240 variables significant at p<0.02, 6.25%; expected number of significant differences: 5). Similarly, a greater than expected number of variables differed significantly between men and women among the Indian subjects (13/230 differences at p<0.02, 5.65%; expected: 5). One of these variables significantly differed in both samples (lifetime abuse of cannabis). When multivariate analyses were conducted in the combined US and Indian samples sex based differences remained for only four variables: course of the illness, history of inappropriate emotions, marital status and number of children.ConclusionSex based differences in SZ/schizoaffective disorder are present in the USA and India at greater than chance probabilities. The majority of the variables differ across the samples. The biological underpinnings of these variables need further investigation.

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“…Similar to the outcome bias, the sex difference in incidence rates were significantly higher in studies with samples collected in the post-DSM-III era compared with those collected prior to 1980 (Aleman et al 2003) -apparently as a result of the use of more stringent diagnostic criteria (Lewine et al 1984;Castle et al 1993;Beauchamp & Gagnon, 2004). Conversely, no statistically significant sex difference exists in prevalence estimates of schizophrenia (Saha et al 2005;Perala et al 2007).…”

Section: The Outcome Biasmentioning

confidence: 98%

The slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum

2017

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The concept of schizophrenia only covers the 30% poor outcome fraction of a much broader multidimensional psychotic syndrome, yet paradoxically has become the dominant prism through which everything ‘psychotic’ is observed, even affective states with mild psychosis labelled ‘ultra-high risk’ (for schizophrenia). The inability of psychiatry to frame psychosis as multidimensional syndromal variation of largely unpredictable course and outcome – within and between individuals – hampers research and recovery-oriented practice. ‘Psychosis’ remains firmly associated with ‘schizophrenia’, as evidenced by a vigorous stream of high-impact but non-replicable attempts to ‘reverse-engineer’ the hypothesized biological disease entity, using case–control paradigms that cannot distinguish between risk for illness onset and risk for poor outcome. In this paper, the main issues surrounding the concept of schizophrenia are described. We tentatively conclude that with the advent of broad spectrum phenotypes covering autism and addiction in DSM5, the prospect for introducing a psychosis spectrum disorder – and modernizing psychiatry – appears to be within reach.

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Influence of diagnostic classification on gender ratio in schizophrenia

Cited by 20 publications

References 28 publications

The Role of Environmental Influences on Schizophrenia Admissions in Israel

The Role of Environmental Influences on Schizophrenia Admissions in Israel

Differences among Men and Women with Schizophrenia: A Study of US and Indian Samples

The slow death of the concept of schizophrenia and the painful birth of the psychosis spectrum

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