Influence of degree of training and prior reinforcer magnitude on contrast effects and resistance to extinction within S.

Spear, Norman E.; Spitzner, Joseph H.

doi:10.1037/h0027550

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…That is, the 5-and 1-pellet curves within each species group descended toward extinction asymptotes without crossing, in contrast to the between-group studies in rats, which have consistently found faster extinction following large than small acquisition reward. In this respect the present data agreed with within-subject studies in rats by Logan (1968), Davenport and Flaherty (1969), Davenport (1969), andSpear andSpitzner (1969). (In Logan's case, faster relative extinction rate of the previously-larger-reward speed was apparent, but convergence rather than cross-over of the absolute speed curves was the essential finding.)…”

Section: Extinctionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Species generality of within-subjects reward magnitude effects.

Davenport¹

1970

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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Pigtail, stumptail, and squirrel monkeys and albino rats were given acquisition, extinction, and reacquisition training in a discrete-trials two-lever spatial discrimination situation. In acquisition the left and right levers were associated with 5-and 1-pellet rewards, respectively, and in reacquisition response to either lever produced 5-pelIet reward. The four species showed similar patterns of preference for the 5-pellet lever on two-lever choice trials and differential responding on one-lever forced trials in acquisition, and similar within-Ss extinction effects which were at variance with the typical crossover of large-and small-reward extinction curves in between-groups reward magnitude studies with rats. Species differences appeared in over-all relative rate of extinction, with the macaques showing the fastest extinction, and in the degree to which historical effects of acquisition conditions appeared and persisted in reacquisition.

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Section: Extinctionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Species generality of within-subjects reward magnitude effects.

Davenport¹

1970

Canadian Journal of Psychology / Revue canadienne de psychologi

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“…Two similar T mazes, housed in different rooms, served as apparatus. Maze 1 is described in detail by Spear and Spitzner (1969); Maze 2 consisted of a gray start box (12 X 6 X 18 in. ), gray stem (22 in.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus change, reversal learning, and retention in the rat.

Chiszar

Spear²

1969

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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“…However, analogous experiments employing a T-maze positiondiscrimination task have found performance for the larger reinforcer to be uninfluenced by the alternative reinforcer (e.g., Spear & Hill, 1965) or a trend opposite that found with alternative runways (e.g., Spear & Pavlik, 1966; Spear & Spitzner, 1966). Unfortunately, these relationships are not completely generalizable, since at least one experiment employing distinctive runways (Goldstein & Spence, 1963) has failed to find the effect reported by MacKinnon and others, and at least one T-maze experiment has found the effect (Spear & Spitzner, 1969). MacKinnon (1967) has interpreted this discrepancy in terms of differential tendencies for inhibition to generalize from the less favorable alternative (LFA) to the more favorable alternative (MFA).…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Simultaneous and successive shifts in reinforcer magnitude and influence of discrimination task.

Spear¹,

Spitzner²

1969

Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology

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Rat received 12 or 1 food pellets in alternatives discriminable by brightness, by position, or by combined brightness and position. Asymptotic running speed to the larger reinforcer and change in speeds following a reduction in reinforcer magnitude was greater with the latter two tasks, but the simultaneous contrast effect and choice behavior were relatively unaffected. Relative performance for alternative reinforcers appears to be somewhat dependent upon generalization between discriminanda, as previously suggested by others, regardless of concurrent choice behavior.After rats apparently have discriminated two distinctive runways associated with different reinforcer magnitudes, there is a tendency toward slower running speed for the larger reinforcer the smaller the reinforcer in the alternative runway (e.g., MacKinnon, 1967). However, analogous experiments employing a T-maze positiondiscrimination task have found performance for the larger reinforcer to be uninfluenced by the alternative reinforcer (e.g., Spear & Hill, 1965) or a trend opposite that found with alternative runways (e.g., Spear & Pavlik, 1966; Spear & Spitzner, 1966). Unfortunately, these relationships are not completely generalizable, since at least one experiment employing distinctive runways (Goldstein & Spence, 1963) has failed to find the effect reported by MacKinnon and others, and at least one T-maze experiment has found the effect (Spear & Spitzner, 1969). MacKinnon (1967) has interpreted this discrepancy in terms of differential tendencies for inhibition to generalize from the less favorable alternative (LFA) to the more favorable alternative (MFA). But, some of the position-discrimination mazes not yielding the effect have had equal-

show abstract

Influence of degree of training and prior reinforcer magnitude on contrast effects and resistance to extinction within S.

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Species generality of within-subjects reward magnitude effects.

Species generality of within-subjects reward magnitude effects.

Stimulus change, reversal learning, and retention in the rat.

Simultaneous and successive shifts in reinforcer magnitude and influence of discrimination task.

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