Influence of culture medium and age of zygotic embryos on in vitro germination of Elaeis guineensis Jacq.

Abstract

Oil palm cultivation has acquired economic importance due to rising demand for vegetable oils used in food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic and most recently, in biofuel industries. However, the commercial production increase of oil palm is limited by plantlet production, as it primarily uses seeds that require a long germination period and have low germination rates. In this study we evaluated the effect of embryo age (time after pollination), culture media and presence of carbohydrates on in vitro germination of zygotic embryos of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Manicoré hybrid. Embryos at 80, 90, 100 and 110 days post-anthesis were inoculated in MS medium or modified Y3 medium, with or without 3% sucrose. Media were renewed after 30 days of inoculation, and plantlets were kept for 45 days until collection for histological analyses. The embryos did not germinate in medium without sucrose. Embryos of 100 days post-anthesis in MS medium showed the best result for germination rate (88%), which did not differ statistically from Y3 medium. As for the parameters, 90-day embryos showed better results for number and length of roots in Y3 medium. It was concluded that 90-day embryos cultivated in Y3 medium generate plantlets in better conditions to be transferred to acclimatization.

Effect of carbohydrate source on the in vitro germination of Elaeis guineensis Jacq. zygotic embryos on two basal media

“…In addition, Muniran et al (2008) compared the efficacy of three basal media: N 6 , MS and Y3 in the micropropagation of oil palm. The superiority of Y3 in callus induction, somatic embryogenesis and rooting was observed as compared to MS (Marlucia et al, 2014). Also, a combination of both MS and Y3 as reported by Wan Nur Syuhada et al (2016) showed highest number of friable callus when immature embryo of oil palm is used as the explant.…”

“…Boonsanong and Kamnoon (1996) also confirmed the superiority of Y3 over MS in root development and in general growth of oil palm zygotic embryos. Marlucia et al (2014) also reported that Y3 medium generates better oil palm plantlets for hardening when a 90-day old embryo was used as explant. The zygotic embryos of E. guineensis (Jacq.)…”

“…Plant tissue culture techniques and in particular embryo culture ensures rapid in vitro regeneration of plantlets as well as shortening of germination time (Pullaiah and Subba-Rao, 2009;Marlucia et al, 2014). Previous reports by Wan Nur Syuhada et al (2016) (successfully used immature embryos for plantlet regeneration of oil palm through indirect organogenesis); Kantamaht et al (2010), Alves et al (2011), Suranthran et al (2011) and Thuzar et al (2012) also achieved maximum results on E. guinensis embryo-derived callus, hybrids, Dura and Tenera varieties, respectively when the carbon sources used were at three percent w/v.…”

“…Oil palm is an arborescent, monocotyledon and an oleaginous tropical perennial crop, used as vegetable oil as well as a substitute for biofuel (a renewable energy source of energy) (Marlucia et al, 2014). There are three varieties of oil palm classified based on the presence or absence of a shell in the fruit: Dura which produces fruits with a thick shell; Pisifera which is without a shell in its rare fruits; Tenera, a hybrid of these two varieties and produces fruits with an intermediate shell (Kamnoon and Preamrudee, 1999).…”

Pengaruh Umur Panen Buah Kelapa Sawit terhadap Pertumbuhan Embrio Dalam Kultur In Vitro

“…Terdapat banyak faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan embrio salah satunya adalah umur embrio (Marlcia et al, 2014). Shittu et al (2015) menyatakan embrio yang berusia 18 MSA (minggu setelah tanam) mampu menghasilkan kalus dibandingkan embrio yang berumur 12 MSA.…”