Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel

Jimbert, Pello; Iturrondobeitia, Maider; Ibarretxe, Julen; Martinez, Roberto Fernandez

doi:10.3390/met8121038

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Between the cryogenic temperature and holding time, the cryogenic temperature is the most influencing parameter, followed by holding time as the second influencing parameter, which agrees with the findings of Darwin et al [40]. Many researchers have found that lowering cryogenic temperature could obtain more improvement in wear resistance of steels, and the optimum value of cryogenic temperature was −196°C [9,25,41,42]. Similarly but slightly different in this work, cryogenic treatment at −160°C obtained more improvement of wear resistance than −120°C, and wear resistance at −196°C improved almost the same as −160°C, only higher by 0.29%, which may be due to the introduction of multiple cycles of cryogenic treatment.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance, Impact Toughness, and Microstructure of 42CrMo Steel and Its Optimization

Zhang

Yan

Qiang

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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Cyclic cryogenic treatment, a major cycle accompanied by zero or more subsidiary cycles, was conducted on the hardened 42CrMo steel using orthogonal design method to investigate the effect of different parameters (cryogenic temperature, holding time, and cycles number) of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel. Range analysis was performed to obtain the influencing order of the three parameters and their optimum values. The results show that after cryogenic treatment, the steel exhibits higher wear resistance and impact toughness, whereas no significant change in hardness. For wear resistance, the influencing order of parameters is cryogenic temperature, holding time, and cycles number, and the optimum values of the parameters are −160°C, 24 h and two cycles, respectively. For impact toughness, the influencing order of parameters is cryogenic temperature, cycles number, and holding time, and the optimum values are −120°C, 24 h and three cycles, respectively. The wear topography and fracture topography were examined using scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to investigate the wear mechanism and fracture mechanism of the steel after cryogenic treatment, respectively. The results show that after cryogenic treatment, the wear mechanism is the combination of abrasive wear and adhesive wear with oxidative wear, and the fracture mechanism is a quasicleavage fracture. The microstructure was also examined by SEM to investigate the influencing mechanism of cryogenic treatment for improving wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel. It suggests that more precipitation of fine carbides dispersively distributed in the matrix is responsible for the beneficial effect of cryogenic treatment on wear resistance and impact toughness of the steel.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Effect of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance, Impact Toughness, and Microstructure of 42CrMo Steel and Its Optimization

Zhang

Yan

Qiang

et al. 2021

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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“…In addition, it is essentially difficult for the carbon atoms to move diffusely during the cold treatment process. As a result, a large number of dispersed ultrafine carbides precipitate on martensite [8,22].…”

Section: Effect Of Cryogenic Treatment On Microstructurementioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Distortion of Carburized Gear Steels

Yan

Liu²,

Luo

et al. 2021

Metals

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The effects of cryogenic treatment and low temperature tempering on the microstructure, mechanical properties and distortion of the 20Cr2Ni4A and 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb carburized gear steels were investigated. The results showed that the case hardness of the experimental steels was increased after the cryogenic treatment, due to the decrease of the retained austenite content and the precipitation of the tiny carbides. The wear resistance of the two steels after cryogenic treatment was improved, although the wear mechanisms were different for 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb and 20Cr2Ni4A steels. The distortion of the Navy C-ring specimens underwent shrinkage before expansion during the cryogenic process, and the distortion of 17Cr2Ni2MoVNb steel was smaller than that of 20Cr2Ni4A steel.

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“…The main objective of the cooling methods incorporated in the study is to minimize CT [14], and to indirectly improve the tool-life by avoiding abrasion, diffusion and adhesion on the tool would be developed directly from the growth of excess CT during machining process [23][24][25]. The comparison between the three machining methods at three levels of SS were represented in figure 4.…”

Section: Cutting Temperature -Ct (ºC)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Advantages of cryogenic machining technique over without-coolant and with-coolant machining on SS316

Rao¹,

Malghan²,

Shettigar³

et al. 2021

Eng. Res. Express

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The analysis concentrated towards the influence of speed of the spindle along with a cryogenic (LN2) cooling technique in treating SS316 using CNC (Computerized numerical control) milling machine. An comparative study path was set and anlyised among three states i.e. Dry (Without coolant), wet (With coolant) and cryogenic (With liquid LN2) machining using coated carbide inserts. The coolant used in case of wet machining was water-soluble, referred to as cutting fluid. The experimental range falls in 3 different levels of spindle speed (SS), such as low level (1000 rpm), medium level (2000 rpm), and high level (3000 rpm), respectively. Meanwhile, feed rate (FR) and depth of cut (DOC) were reserved steadily with 450 mm min−1, 1 mm separately. This vital focus is towards cryogenic (LN2) machining effects and its perception of machinability on SS316, such as tool wear –TW (μm), cutting force–CF (N), cutting temperature–CT (ºC) and surface roughness–Ra (μm). The experiments were conducted and documented with cryogenic (LN2) techniques to establish the fairness and practicability of the method to compare with without-coolant (dry) and with-coolant (wet) machining. The attained statistical results in comparison of LN2 method over without-coolant and with-coolant machining concerned to test cases for CF- Fx (N), CT (ºC), Ra (μm) and FW (μm) are 53.21%–34.20%, 65.88%–44.51%, 75.43%–44.27%, & 59.76%–23.10%, respectively.

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Influence of Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance and Microstructure of AISI A8 Tool Steel

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Effect of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance, Impact Toughness, and Microstructure of 42CrMo Steel and Its Optimization

Effect of Cyclic Cryogenic Treatment on Wear Resistance, Impact Toughness, and Microstructure of 42CrMo Steel and Its Optimization

Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Distortion of Carburized Gear Steels

Advantages of cryogenic machining technique over without-coolant and with-coolant machining on SS316

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