Influence of Costus speciosus (Koen.) Sm. Rhizome Extracts on Biochemical Parameters in Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Rats

Abstract

Diabetes affects about 4% of the global population and management of diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. The present study investigated the possible protective effects of Costus speciosus (Koen.) sm. (C. speciosus) rhizome extracts on biochemical parameters in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced male diabetic Wistar rats. STZ treatment (50 mg/kg, i.p.) caused a hyperglycemic state that led to various physiologic and biochemical alterations. Hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol crude extracts administered at the dose of 250 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, for 60 days to STZ-induced hypoglycemic and normoglycemic rats. The plasma glucose concentration was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by all three extracts compared with controls. In addition, oral administration of hexane extract significantly decreased glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ), serum total cholesterol, and triglyceride levels, urea, uric acid, and creatinine and at the same time markedly increased plasma insulin, tissue glycogen, serum protein, and highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. The hexane crude extract also restored the altered plasma enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP) levels to near normal. Glibenclamide used as a reference drug (0.6 mg/kg body weight) also produced a significant reduction in the blood glucose concentration in STZ-induced diabetic rats. In summary, the hexane crude extract was found to be more active in comparision with ethyl ac- * To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Biotechnology, Holy Cross College, Trichy-620002, Tamil Nadu, India. Tel.: +91-431-2700637; Fax: +91-431-271331; E-mail: daisylesslie@yahoo.com etate and methanol extracts. Thus this study shows that the C. speciosus hexane extract has antihyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activity, is able to ameliorate the diabetic state, and is probably a source of hypoglycemic compounds.

Biochemical analysis of Cassia fistula aqueous extract and phytochemically synthesized gold nanoparticles as hypoglycemic treatment for diabetes mellitus

“…On administering gold nanoparticles and aqueous extracts for 30 days, serum urea, creatinine and uric acid levels steadily returned to near normal. These results are in agreement with those of Daisy et al 73 who reported that renal markers in serum were decreased on administration of crude hexane extracts from Costus speciosus to animals with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Administering gold nanoparticles orally to diabetic rats decreased serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid more effectively, and could be explained by the regenerative ability of the renal tubules.…”

Cytoprotective Effect of Costus Speciosus on Pancreatic Β-Cells in Alloxan-Treated Rats.

“…Efficacy of hexane extract in decreasing the serum glucose level and normalizing other biochemical parameters in diabetic rats, was confirmed previously (Daisy, Eliza et al 2008, Eliza, Daisy et al 2009). Aqueous and methanolic extracts of C. speciosus were, also, highly effective in bringing down the blood glucose level (Rajesh, Harish et al 2009).…”

“…Extract was filtered and evaporated to dryness in a rotary evaporator to yield 1.5% hexane extract. A weighed portion of extract was suspended in 0.5% aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solution in distilled water prior to oral administration to animals (Daisy, Eliza et al 2008). …”

Normalizing effects of Costus speciosus rhizome crude extracts and its fractions on diabetic complications in STZ-induced diabetic rats

“…We have already reported the antidiabetic and antilipidemic effects of C. speciosus and its compounds (Daisy et al 2008, Eliza et al 2009a. In the current literature, there is no detailed study on the effects of different extracts of C. speciosus on the protein, DNA content which was abnormally altered due to diabetes mellitus, and 14 C-glucose oxidation.…”